en Epidemiology Original Article <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span courier="" new="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Background:</span></span></span></b> <span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Thyroid cancer is the most common malignancy of the endocrine system. Given the differences in its frequency pattern across various parts of the world, understanding the frequency pattern of this cancer in Iran, as well as the burden of this disease, can play a key role in prevention and screening measures. This study aims to examine the incidence of disability-adjusted life years arising from thyroid cancer and the relationship between this disease and the Human Development Index (HDI).</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span courier="" new="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Materials and Methods:</span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> This ecological study was undertaken by applying the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study last version dataset (2021). It explored the pattern of incidence changes from 1990 to 2021 and calculated age&mdash;as well as sex-standardized incidence rates per 100,000 populations per year. Regression analysis was utilized to assess time trends and annual mean percentage changes. Finally, incidence rates were estimated separately for each province.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span courier="" new="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Results:</span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> The incidence of thyroid cancer in Iran has grown over the years. This disease&#39;s incidence varies across different regions of Iran and directly correlates with the HDI. In some areas, the annual average percentage change (AAPC) has exceeded 20%, indicating serious concern about the rise in this disease.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span courier="" new="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Conclusion:</span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> Overall, the burden of thyroid cancer in Iran has risen from 1990 to 2021, revealing a troubling trend. These changes can assist policymakers and researchers in understanding prevalence patterns as well as health needs more effectively, allowing them to design better programs for controlling and preventing this disease.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div> Thyroid Cancer,Incidence,Disability-Adjusted Life Years,Iran, 256 267 http://johe.rums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-972-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Victoria Momenabadi - - vici.momeni@yahoo.com 22400319475328460013478 22400319475328460013478 No Assistant Prof. Dept of Public Health, School of Health, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran. - Fatemeh Doost-Mohammadi - - f.doostmohammadi2@gmail.com 22400319475328460013479 22400319475328460013479 No Ph.D. Student in Epidemiology, Clinical Research Development Unit, Shahid Bahonar Hospital, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. - Alireza Amirbeigi - - 22400319475328460013486 22400319475328460013486 No Assistant Prof., Clinical Research Development Unit, Shahid Bahonar Hospital, Dept. of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. - Fatemeh Saeedinezhad - - crdcenter1403@gmail.com 22400319475328460013480 22400319475328460013480 No M.Sc. in Epidemiology, Clinical Research Development Center, Namazi Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. - Nima Ghazal - Nimaghazal77@gmail.com 22400319475328460013481 22400319475328460013481 No M.Sc. in Epidemiology, Student Research Committee, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadougi University of Medical Sciences of Yazd, Yazd, Iran. - Ali Karampour - - mydaydream2_1991@yahoo.com 22400319475328460013482 22400319475328460013482 No M.Sc. in Health Services Management, School of Health Research Center for Health Sciences, Health Sciences & Technology Research Institute, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. - Mojgan Navabi - - Mojgan.navabi@gmail.com 22400319475328460013483 22400319475328460013483 No B.Sc. in Public Health, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran. - Behrooz Alipouryan Motlagh - - behrooz.ali@gmail.com 22400319475328460013484 22400319475328460013484 No B.Sc. in Public Health, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran. - Zaher Khazaei - - Zaherkhazaei@yahoo.com 22400319475328460013485 22400319475328460013485 Yes Ph.D. Student in Epidemiology, Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran. -