en Epidemiology Original Article <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:times new roman;"><strong>Background:</strong> Malnutrition in both its forms of obesity and underweight, particularly in pregnant women, cause maternal mortality and &lrm;prenatal complications.&lrm; The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of malnutrition among pregnant women and its effect on<span dir="RTL">&rlm; &rlm;</span>pregnancy outcome, in Rafsanjan, Iran, in 2016.&lrm;<br> <strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> The present cross-sectional study was conducted on 839 pregnant women referred to Niknafs and Ali-Ebn Abitaleb &lrm; Hospitals in 2016. The subjects were selected by &lrm;census method. Data [age, pregnancy age, &lrm;pre-gestational height and weight, and body mass index (BMI)] were collected in the emergency ward and recorded in a checklist. Information on the type of delivery (normal or &lrm;cesarean section), and the neonate&rsquo;s gender, weight, height, and head circumference at birth were collected in the &lrm;maternity ward. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, Fisher&rsquo;s exact test, and chi-square test. &lrm;<br> <strong>Results:</strong> This study showed that the prevalence of pregestational overweight & obesity, and underweight was &lrm;&lrm;37.5% and 7.4%, respectively. The prevalence of neonatal LBW and HBW was 5.1% and 3.8%, respectively. In addition, 9.7% of underweight women had LBW neonatals, and 11.8% &lrm;&lrm;of women with pregestational obesity had HBW infants (P = 0.039).&lrm;<br> <strong>Conclusions:</strong> The prevalence of obesity in pregnant women was higher than that reported in other studies &lrm;in different regions of Iran. Therefore, obesity is a warning for health politicians and administrators. &lrm;Although prenatal care has been able to control neonatal LBW and HBW, although there is a long way until the achievement of the nutritional &lrm;goals for 2025.</span></div> Malnutrition,Prevalence,Underweight,Obesity,Pregnancy Outcome,Pregnant Women,Iran, 106 113 http://johe.rums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-144-4&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Z Salem salemzinat@yahoo.com 22400319475328460010431 22400319475328460010431 Yes Dept. of Social Medicine, Occupational Environment Research Center, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran. Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences F Ebrahimi faty545@yahoo.com 22400319475328460010432 22400319475328460010432 No Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran. Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences F Aminzadeh faribaaminzadeh@yahoo.com 22400319475328460010433 22400319475328460010433 No Dept. of Obstetrics & Gynecology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran. Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences Z Asadolahi asadollahi.zahra@gmail.com 22400319475328460010434 22400319475328460010434 No Dept. of epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran. Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences