en Epidemiology Short Report Short Report <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span courier="" new="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span arial="" style="font-family:">Background:</span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span arial="" style="font-family:"> Iran has been affected by sanctions over the past few decades. The aim of the present study is to explore the effects of economic sanctions and inflation rates on the rate of low birth weight (LBW) in Rafsanjan, a city in southeastern Iran.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span courier="" new="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span arial="" style="font-family:">Materials and Method:</span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span arial="" style="font-family:"> In this descriptive study, we used data obtained from the Iranian maternal and neonatal online system (Iman System). The prevalence of LBW was evaluated in separate times including 2016-2021 on all live births registered in medical centers covered by Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span courier="" new="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span arial="" style="font-family:">Results:</span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span arial="" style="font-family:"> The rate of LBW decreased from 2016 to 2018 (from 90.4 per 1000 to 79.9 per 1000), but after the sanctions were aggravated in 2018, LBW clearly increased. The rate of LBW in 2018 was 79.9 per 1000 live births, and this rate reached 87.9 per</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span courier="" new="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span arial="" style="font-family:">1000 live births in 2021.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span courier="" new="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span arial="" style="font-family:">Conclusions:</span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span arial="" style="font-family:"> The results of our study showed that the increased prevalence of LBW may be related to sanctions and an increased inflation rate. Policymakers should note that these of political and economic interventions first damage people&rsquo;s health including child and maternal health.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span courier="" new="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> &nbsp;</div> Mandatory Programs,Sanctions,Low Birth Weight,Inflation,Economic,Iran, 86 89 http://johe.rums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-161-2&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Zahra Jamali Zahrajamali2959@gmail.com 22400319475328460010754 22400319475328460010754 No Assistant Prof., Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Clinical Research Development Unit (CRDU), Niknafs Hospital, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran. Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences Batool Rezaei rezaie_55@yahoo.com 22400319475328460010755 22400319475328460010755 No MS.c in Midwifery, Health System Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran. Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences Fatemeh Ayoobi ayoobi.fatemeh@gmail.com 22400319475328460010756 22400319475328460010756 No Assistant Prof., Pistachio Safety Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran. Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences Reza Vazirinejad rvazirinejad@yahoo.co.uk 22400319475328460010757 22400319475328460010757 No Professor, Dept. of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran. Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences Parvin Khalili parvinkhalili61@yahoo.com 22400319475328460010758 22400319475328460010758 Yes Assistant Prof., Dept. of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran. Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences