Volume 1, Issue 3 ((Autumn) 2012)                   J Occup Health Epidemiol 2012, 1(3): 124-131 | Back to browse issues page


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1- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
2- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran. , shabaniz20@yahoo.com
3- Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
4- Dept. of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical of School, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
5- Faculty Member, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
6- Dept. of Immunology, Medical of School, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran.
7- Professor, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
Article history
Received: 2013/02/12
Accepted: 2014/01/8
ePublished: 2014/01/8
Abstract:   (8725 Views)

  Background: Cigarette smoking has been linked with the suppression of immune responses and increased susceptibility to numerous infections in humans. Tetanus is also a major public health problem in many countries. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the serum levels of anti-tetanus toxin antibodies in c igarette smoking and healthy non-smoking people .

  Materials and Methods: A total of 100 c igarette smokers and 100 age-matched healthy non-smoker individuals were enrolled in this descriptive study. A blood sample was collected from each participant. The samples were tested for the levels of anti-tetanus toxin antibodies b y use of enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.

  Results: The seroprotective rate of anti-tetanus toxin antibodies in non-smoking group (99%) was significantly higher than that observed in c igarette smoking group (78%, P<0.0001). The mean titer of anti-tetanus toxin antibodies in non-smoking group ( 5.32± 0.26 IU/ml) was also significantly higher than that in smoker subjects ( 1.03 ± 0.16 IU/ml P<0.0001). The mean titer of anti-tetanus toxin antibodies in individuals with smoking duration >10 years was significantly lower than that among smokers with smoking duration ≤10 years (0.59 ± 0.12 IU/ml vs 1.98 ± 0.41 IU/ml P<0.001). The seroprotection rate was also significantly lower in persons with smoking duration >10 years in comparison to smokers with smoking duration ≤10 years (72.1% vs 90.6% P=0.037). The mean titer of anti-tetanus toxin antibodies in individuals with daily smoking >10 cigarettes was also significantly lower in comparison to smokers with daily smoking ≤10 cigarettes (0.68 ± 0.15 IU/ml vs 1.63 ± 0.36 IU/ml P<0.001).

  Conclusion: These results showed lower levels of anti-tetanus toxin antibodies in cigarette smokers which represents c igarette smoking as a risk factor for susceptibility to tetanus. A negative association was also observed between the immunity to tetanus and smoking burden.

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