Volume 11, Issue 3 (Summer 2022)                   J Occup Health Epidemiol 2022, 11(3): 238-245 | Back to browse issues page


XML Print


Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:

Singh C, Jain N, Saini V, Jain M, Tyagi G. Dietary Habits and a Need Assessment Survey of Obese Working Adults in Delhi, India. J Occup Health Epidemiol 2022; 11 (3) :238-245
URL: http://johe.rums.ac.ir/article-1-578-en.html

Related article in
Google Scholar

1- M.Sc in Food Science and Nutrition, Food Science and Nutrition, Research Associate, Food Science and Nutrition Division, Banasthali Vidyapith, India. , chetnasingh2057@gmail.com
2- M.Sc in Food Science and Nutrition, Food Science and Nutrition, Research Associate, Food Science and Nutrition Division, Banasthali Vidyapith, India.
3- Professor, Food Science and Nutrition Division, Banasthali Vidyapith, India.
4- Assistant Prof., Dept. of Mathematics and Statistics, Banasthali Vidyapith, India.
Article history
Received: 2022/04/8
Accepted: 2022/09/10
ePublished: 2022/12/17
Abstract:   (741 Views)
Background: Lifestyle changes in working adults have caused a high prevalence of obesity and various interrelated comorbidities, including hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Healthy dietary modifications can help tackle these problems, but easy accessibility to healthier options is an issue. This study aims to investigate the dietary habits of obese adults and identify their unmet food-related needs.
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, subjects were of 30-59 (n = 400) years. The subjects worked in offices in Delhi and were diagnosed with obesity based on their body mass index (BMI) being ≥ 25 kg/m2. A self-administered questionnaire was used to record dietary information and perform a need assessment survey. Additionally, mean, standard deviation, Z-test, and odds ratio were used for statistical analysis.
Results: The mean BMI of males and females was 28.02 ± 2.25 kg/m2 and 28.04 ± 2.00 kg/m2. Waist circumference was higher than 90 cm in 98.0% of males and 80 cm in 97.7% of females. Besides, over half of the subjects (56.75%) reported comorbidities, most commonly diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Unhealthy foods including fast foods, sweets, ice cream, burgers, fries, chips, and other high-fat snacks like samosas were frequently consumed by over two-thirds of subjects. The highest unmet need among the subjects was nutraceutical-rich healthy food.
 Conclusions: High waist circumference was prevalent among the subjects causing a high risk of NCDs. The urgent need among subjects was for non-ultra-processed nutraceuticals rich and high-fiber foods.
Full-Text [PDF 254 kb]   (318 Downloads)    

References
1. World Health Organization. World obesity day 2022 - accelerating action to stop obesity. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2022. [Report]
2. 2. Dimitrijević I, Popović N, Sabljak V, Škodrić-Trifunović V, Dimitrijević N. Food addiction-diagnosis and treatment. Psychiatr Danub. 2015;27(1):101-6. [PMID]
3. Ruddock HK, Hardman CA. Guilty pleasures: The effect of perceived overeating on food addiction attributions and snack choice. Appetite. 2018;121:9-17. [DOI] [PMID]
4. Blüher M. Obesity: global epidemiology and pathogenesis. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2019;15(5):288-298 [DOI] [PMID]
5. NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC). Trends in adult body-mass index in 200 countries from 1975 to 2014: a pooled analysis of 1698 population-based measurement studies with 19·2 million participants. Lancet. 2016;387(10026):1377-1396. [DOI] [PMID]
6. Pradeepa R, Anjana RM, Joshi SR, Bhansali A, Deepa M, Joshi PP, et al. Prevalence of generalized & abdominal obesity in urban & rural India--the ICMR-INDIAB Study (Phase-I) [ICMR- NDIAB-3]. Indian J Med Res. 2015;142(2):139-50. [DOI] [PMID] [PMCID]
7. Government of India, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. Compendiun of fact sheets, India and 14 states/UTs (Phase-II). National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5) 2019-21. Delhi, India: Ministry of Health and Family Welfare; 2021.
8. Venkatrao M, Nagarathna R, Majumdar V, Patil SS, Rathi S, Nagendra H. Prevalence of Obesity in India and Its Neurological Implications: A Multifactor Analysis of a Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study. Ann Neurosci. 2020;27(3-4):153-161. [DOI] [PMID] [PMCID]
9. Ahirwar R, Mondal PR. Prevalence of obesity in India: A systematic review. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2019;13(1):318-321. [DOI] [PMID]
10. Hilger-Kolb J, Bosle C, Motoc I, Hoffmann K. Associations between dietary factors and obesity-related biomarkers in healthy children and adolescents - a systematic review. Nutr J. 2017;16(1):85 [DOI] [PMID] [PMCID]
11. Mu M, Xu LF, Hu D, Wu J, Bai MJ. Dietary Patterns and Overweight/Obesity: A Review Article. Iran J Public Health. 2017;46(7):869-876 [PMID] [PMCID]
12. Dunn KI, Mohr P, Wilson CJ, Wittert GA. Determinants of fast-food consumption. An application of the Theory of Planned Behaviour. Appetite. 2011 Oct;57(2):349-57 [DOI] [PMID]
13. Mohammadbeigi A, Asgarian A, Moshir E, Heidari H, Afrashteh S, Khazaei S,et al. Fast food consumption and overweight/obesity prevalence in students and its association with general and abdominal obesity. J Prev Med Hyg. 2018;59(3):E236-E240 [DOI] [PMID] [PMCID]
14. Bani IA. Health needs assessment. J Family Community Med. 2008;15(1):13-20. [PMID] [PMCID]
15. Lwanga SK, Lemeshow S. Sample size determination in health studies: a practical manual. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization, 1991. [Report]
16. Weir CB, Jan A. BMI Classification Percentile And Cut Off Points. 2022 Jun 27. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan [PMID]
17. Nuttall FQ. Body Mass Index: Obesity, BMI, and Health: A Critical Review. Nutr Today. 2015 ;50(3):117-128. [DOI] [PMID] [PMCID]
18. World Medical Association. World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. JAMA. 2013;310(20):2191-4. [DOI] [PMID]
19. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), Anthropometry Procedures Manual. Atlanta, Georgia, United States: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2011. [Report]
20. Girdhar S, Sharma S, Chaudhary A, Bansal P, Satija M. An Epidemiological Study of Overweight and Obesity Among Women in an Urban Area of North India. Indian J Community Med. 2016;41(2):154-7. [DOI] [PMID] [PMCID]
21. Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, Cushmann WC, Green LA, Izzo JL & et.al. Seventh report of Joint National Committee on prevention, detection, evaluation and treatment of high blood pressure. Hypertension. 2003; 42(6):1206-52. [DOI] [PMID]
22. American Diabetes Association. Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2016 Abridged for Primary Care Providers. Clin Diabetes. 2016;34(1):3-21. [DOI] [PMID] [PMCID]
23. Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults. Executive Summary of The Third Report of The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, And Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol In Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). JAMA. 2001;285(19):2486-97. [DOI] [PMID]
24. Indian Heart Association. Cholesterol and South Asians. The balance between good and bad cholesterol is an important contributor to cardiovascular and stroke risk. Hyderabad, India: Indian Heart Association; [Report]
25. Tariq H, Nayudu S, Akella S, Glandt M, Chilimuri S. Non-alcoholic fatty pancreatic disease: a review of literature. Gastroenterology Res. 2016; 9(6):87-91. [DOI] [PMID] [PMCID]
26. Nolan PB, Carrick-Ranson G, Stinear JW, Reading SA, Dalleck LC. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and metabolic syndrome components in young adults: a pooled analysis. Prev Med Rep. 2017; 7:211-5. [DOI] [PMID] [PMCID]
27. Babu MS. Can waist circumference be a screening tool for obesity? APIK J Int Med 2020; 8:2-3. [DOI]
28. Gothankar JS. Prevalence of obesity and its associated co-morbidities amongst adults. Natl J Community Med 2011; 2(2):221-4. [Article]
29. Deepa R, Sandeep S, Mohan V. Abdominal obesity, visceral fat and type 2 diabetes- Asian Indian phenotype. In: Mohan V, Rao GHR, editors. Type 2 diabetes in South Asians: epidemiology, risk factors and prevention. New Delhi, India: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd; 2006. P.138-52. [DOI]
30. Darsini D, Hamidah H, Notobroto HB, Cahyono EA. Health risks associated with high waist circumference: A systematic review. J Public Health Res. 2020;9(2):1811 [DOI] [PMID] [PMCID]
31. Ross R, Neeland IJ, Yamashita S, Shai I, Siedell J, Magni P, et.al. Waist circumference as a vital sign in clinical practice: a consensus statement from the IAS and ICCR working group on visceral obesity. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2020; 16(3):177-89. [DOI] [PMID] [PMCID]
32. Misra A, Khurana L. Obesity and the metabolic syndrome in developing countries. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008; 93(11 Suppl 1):S9-30. [DOI] [PMID]
33. Krishnamoorthy Y, Rajaa S, Murali S, Rehman T, Sahoo J, Kar SS. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome among adult population in India: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2020; 15(10):e0240971. [DOI] [PMID] [PMCID]
34. Shokeen D, Aeri BT. Prevalence of Cardio-metabolic Risk Factors: A Cross-sectional Study among Employed Adults in Urban Delhi, India. J Clin Diagn Res. 2017;11(8):LC01-LC04. [DOI] [PMID] [PMCID]
35. Prasad DS, Kabir Z, Dash AK, Das BC. Prevalence and risk factors for metabolic syndrome in Asian Indians: a community study from urban Eastern India. J Cardiovasc Dis Res 2012; 3(3):204-11. [DOI] [PMID] [PMCID]
36. Shah T, Purohit G, Nair SP, Patel B, Rawal Y, Shah RM. Assessment of obesity, overweight and its association with the fast food consumption in medical students. J Clin Diagn Res 2014; 8(5):CC05-7. [DOI] [PMID] [PMCID]
37. Rouhani MH, Mirseifinezhad M, Omrani N, Esmaillzadeh A, Azadbakht L. Fast food consumption, quality of diet, and obesity among Isfahanian adolescent girls. J Obes 2012; 2012:597924. doi: 10.1155/2012/597924. [DOI] [PMID] [PMCID]
38. Musaiger AO. Consumption, health attitudes and perception toward fast food among Arab consumers in Kuwait: gender differences. Glob J Health Sci. 2014;6(6):136-43 [DOI] [PMID] [PMCID]
39. Dumanovsky T, Huang CY, Nonas CA, Matte TD, Bassett MT, Silver LD. Changes in energy content of lunchtime purchases from fast food restaurants after introduction of calorie labelling: cross sectional customer surveys. BMJ. 2011;343:d4464. [DOI] [PMID] [PMCID]
40. Singh SA, Dhanasekaran D, Ganamurali N, Preethi L, Sabarathinam S. Junk food-induced obesity- a growing threat to youngsters during the pandemic. Obes Med 2021; 26:100364. doi:10.1016/j.obmed.2021.100364. [DOI] [PMID] [PMCID]
41. Sofi NY, Jain M, Kapil U, Seenu V, Kamal VK, Pandey RM. Nutritional risk factors and status of serum 25(OH)D levels in patients with breast cancer: A case control study in India. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2018;175:55-59 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.11.003 [DOI] [PubMed]
42. Catapano AL, Graham I, De Backer G, Wiklund O, Chapman MJ, Drexel H, et.al. 2016 ESC/EAS guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias. Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed) 2017; 70(2):115. [DOI] [PMID]
43. Jellinger PS. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists/American College of Endocrinology Management of Dyslipidemia and Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Practice Guidelines. Diabetes Spectr. 2018;31(3):234-245. [DOI] [PMID] [PMCID]
44. Chamoli R, Jain M, Tyagi G. Reliability and Validity of the Diet Quality Index for 7-9-year-old Indian Children. Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr. 2019;22(6):554-564. [DOI] [PMID] [PMCID]
45. Bruins MJ, Van Dael P, Eggersdorfer M. The Role of Nutrients in Reducing the Risk for Noncommunicable Diseases during Aging. Nutrients. 2019;11(1):85. [DOI] [PMID] [PMCID]
46. World Health Organization. Workbook 3, Needs assessment. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2000. [Report]

Add your comments about this article : Your username or Email:
CAPTCHA

Send email to the article author


Rights and permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

© 2024 CC BY-NC 4.0 | Journal of Occupational Health and Epidemiology

Designed & Developed by : Yektaweb