en Epidemiology Review Article <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="line-height:200%"><span courier="" new="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:200%"><span arial="" style="font-family:">Background: </span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:200%"><span arial="" style="font-family:">The use of electronic devices (e-devices/ED) in online classrooms by students during the COVID-19 pandemic has been reported as one of the factors contributing to eye fatigue. The aim of this scoping review was to identify the risk factors (ergonomics and environmental conditions) for eye fatigue among students.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="line-height:200%"><span courier="" new="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:200%"><span arial="" style="font-family:">Materials and Methods:</span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:200%"><span arial="" style="font-family:"> A scoping review was conducted on databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, etc. with keywords including eye strain, students, online learning, ergonomics, and environmental factors along the COVID-19 pandemic during the years 2020-2022. Initially, 106 articles were identified. Then, 29 articles were assessed by applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. Finally, 18 articles were selected.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="line-height:200%"><span courier="" new="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:200%"><span arial="" style="font-family:">Results:</span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:200%"><span arial="" style="font-family:"> Students used e-devices for &ge;4-6 hours/day, so the mean score of Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS) was determined to be 30, and the range of eye strain was reported 13.0-94.5%. The review results indicated that use of e-devices due to improper ergonomics (wrong posture, duration of screens usage, screen distance<50 cm computer and<12-inch mobile phone, no breaks, viewing angle, number and duration of online classes/day, diminished blinking rate) and environmental conditions (fatigue 1.728 times in low lighting, relative humidity<40%, air quality/conditioner, high temperature) had significant effects on the eye fatigue of students during the COVID-19 pandemic.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="line-height:200%"><span courier="" new="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:200%"><span arial="" style="font-family:">Conclusion:</span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:200%"><span arial="" style="font-family:"> Raising awareness of DES among parents and students, proper postures, reducing duration on a screen (<6 hours/day online class), a suitable distance to screen, adjusting the workplace/screen lighting, viewing angle&le;15&deg;, usage of software screen time limit, frequent blinking, eyes&rsquo; examination, using wetting drops, 15-minute breaks after 2 hours work, and eye exercises can be effective in reducing eye fatigue in students.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div> COVID-19,Education,Fatigue,Student,Virtual, 139 150 http://johe.rums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-496-5&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Fateme Heydari Abdolahi fatima.heydari.ab@gmail.com 22400319475328460010706 22400319475328460010706 No M.Sc. in Occupational Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Student Research Committee, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran. Qazvin University of Medical Sciences Payam Heydari payam.haydari69@yahoo.com 22400319475328460010707 22400319475328460010707 No Assistant Prof., Dept. of Industrial Engineering, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran. Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University Sakineh Varmazyar svarmazyar@qums.ac.ir 22400319475328460010708 22400319475328460010708 Yes Professor, Dept. of Occupational Health Engineering, Social Determinants Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Faculty of Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran. Qazvin University of Medical Sciences