@article{ author = {Zakeri, Mohammad Ali and Dehghan, Mahlagh}, title = {The Role of Continuing Education in Protecting Nurses against COVID-19 Infection}, abstract ={Dear Editor, Prevention is the best strategy to reduce infection. The widespread novel infectious diseases have been diagnosed and controlled with delay [1]. The rapid spread of COVID-19 has exposed nurses, the frontline caregivers, to such an infection. All medical centers and hospitals have paid particular attention to the education and educational methods to prevent nurses' infection. This education has been important for nurse managers. Studies have shown that nursing education programs on infection control measures have led to significant advances in nurse knowledge and practice, significantly affecting infection control [2-4]. In the study of Gaikwad et al., the educational intervention has had a significant impact on the development of nurses' knowledge about infection control measures (pre-test score: 3.94 ± 2.3 vs. post-test score: 15.33 ± 2.4) [4].  According to Gomarverdi et al., nurse adherence to the standard precautions has increased from 19.87 ± 4.44 at pre-test to 29.20 ± 5.00 and 28.40 ± 4.37 at two- and six-week post-test, respectively [3]. Also, Yousef et al. show statistically significant improvement in the nurses' infection control measures (48.93 ± 16.67 vs. 113.37 ± 10.61) and total knowledge (80.70 ± 18.48 vs. 174.83 ± 18.37) after the educational program [2]. Implementing a nursing education program can help nurses be prepared for critical situations such as COVID -19 disease. Ghanbari et al. show that the nursing education program against natural disasters improves the knowledge, attitude, practice, and readiness of nurses [5]. Also, Gresh et al. have shown that online education for 135 nursing students and 15 clinical instructors in COVID-19 disease improve factors, including assessment and analytic, policy development/program planning, communication, cultural competency, community dimensions of practice, public health sciences, financial planning/ evaluation/management, and leadership /system thinking skills [6]. In the prevalence of COVID-19 disease, some hospitals have used educational content involving personal protective equipment (PPE), hand hygiene, ward disinfection, medical waste management, patient-care device sterilization, and occupational exposure management. Nurses should know how to use PPE by continuing education in practice and theory. PPE includes highly recommended equipment to protect nurses. PPE plays a very important role in reducing the infection of nurses, and education has a significant effect on its proper use. Some hospitals have used recorded educational videos, the details of which have been made available to nurses in social groups such as WeChat [7]. Such measures have increased the information of nurses and prevented the transmission of COVID-19 disease to them. Nurse managers can increase the quality of education by monitoring and assessing the educational feedback in practice before nurses contact patients. One of the important issues in the correct and principled learning of nurses is to study the factors affecting the quality of their continuing education, which significantly, in turn, affects their protection. Health care providers, especially nurses, are under high psychological pressure due to the high risk of infection, unsuitable equipment against infection, isolation, burnout, as well as being away from family. These conditions can cause many psychological problems for nurses, thus affecting their decisions and participation in medical care [8]; they can also affect the education of nurses. To relieve the psychological pressure of nurses, head nurses in some hospitals and medical centers share the necessary information about the equipment and resources with them in regular meetings and talk about emergency assistance in critical situations. Psychotherapists can help in the case of symptoms of anxiety or insomnia in nurses [7]. Also, psychological intervention teams are required to reduce the psychological damage of COVID-19 among the nursing staff. Further, a wide range of psychological services, including psychotherapeutic counseling and brochures, are needed [9] to train nurses. These measures can indirectly play an important role in the observance and avoidance of occupational exposures, helping nurses cope with potential stress and depression and increasing their satisfaction. They identify the psychological problems of nurses and improve their condition, motivating them to involve in personal protection, follow precautionary instructions, and participate in continuing education. To motivate nurses and encourage them to follow safety principles, some support groups, not the health care system, present safety tips in the form of motivational sentences in different hospital wards. The approval and encouragement by the hospital manager and government, the preparation of infection control instructions, specialized equipment, and facilities for COVID-19 infection management are among the factors potentially encouraging health care workers to implement and consider precautionary measures [10] to pave the way for nurses to participate in the education. Nurses experience more anxiety and stress because they deal with ill patients and difficult working conditions [11, 12], affecting their strength and concentration on learning, thus the quality of their training. Therefore, education should be done at appropriate times and according to the psychological dimensions of nurses. Managers' attention to the mental state, the training of stress coping strategies, and specialized education to control infection can protect nurses against the COVID-19 epidemic.}, Keywords = {No Keywords,}, volume = {10}, Number = {2}, pages = {64-66}, publisher = {Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.52547/johe.10.2.64}, url = {http://johe.rums.ac.ir/article-1-425-en.html}, eprint = {http://johe.rums.ac.ir/article-1-425-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Occupational Health and Epidemiology}, issn = {2251-8096}, eissn = {2252-0902}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Rashidi, Rajab}, title = {Anthropometric Dimensions of Lor Students for the Ergonomic Design of Khorramabad School Equipment, Iran (2018)}, abstract ={Background: Students' physical health, performance, and comfort can be improved by designing equipment according to the needs of their body dimensions. This study aimed to establish a comprehensive database of anthropometric dimensions of students in Khorramabad, Lorestan, Iran. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted to estimate 22 anthropometric students’ dimensions in a sample of 4872 randomly selected students who belonged to the Lor ethnic group. The anthropometric dimensions were measured by a digital caliper and a standardized anthropometric instrument. Data were analyzed using a t-test, and the results were reported in tabular form. Results: The results showed that elementary school students' body dimensions were larger in girls, except for chest depth, abdominal depth, and buttock-knee length. Anthropometric estimates of middle school students indicated that most anthropometric dimensions of girls were larger than boys; for example, the average height in girls with 1531.87 ±72.84 was greater than boys with 1528.16±101.79 mm. Findings in high school students showed that most anthropometric parameters of boys were larger than girls. Also, the t-test showed a significant difference between the means of all measured parameters except the variable of buttock-knee length in male and female students (P <0.05). Conclusions: Given the anthropometric differences obtained in this study, it can be concluded that in designing school equipment, especially desks and chairs, it is necessary to pay special attention to age, gender, level of education, and ethnicity of students in particular}, Keywords = {Anthropometry,Ergonomics,Student,}, volume = {10}, Number = {2}, pages = {67-74}, publisher = {Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.52547/johe.10.2.67}, url = {http://johe.rums.ac.ir/article-1-432-en.html}, eprint = {http://johe.rums.ac.ir/article-1-432-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Occupational Health and Epidemiology}, issn = {2251-8096}, eissn = {2252-0902}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Vazirinejad, Reza and Khalili, Parvin and Jafarzadeh, Abdollah and Shabani, Ziba and Jamalizadeh, Ahmad and Rezaei, Batool and Ahmadnia, Hassan and Rezayati, Mohammad-taghi and Ebrahimian, Mohammad and Mehralinasab, Gholamreza and Bagherizadeh, Azam and Bazaz, Shima and Vazirinejad, Erf}, title = {A Contact Tracing Prospective Cohort Retrieving Epidemiological Facts on SARS-CoV-2 Transmission Aspects: A Serological Analysis in an Iranian Community}, abstract ={Background: The spread of the novel coronavirus seems mysterious enough to make us double-check the indices being used to predict its transmission. In this study, serological analysis was performed to assess some metric and epidemiological aspects of the infection and its transmissibility among people in contact with SARA-CoV-2 patients.    Material and Methods: A total of 453 contacts of 40 COVID-19 patients entered this contact tracing prospective cohort study. Accordingly, SARS-CoV-2 patients were diagnosed by the real-time polymerase chain reaction testing of nasopharyngeal samples. The infectiousness history was detected by the serological testing of IgG and IgM. Trained expert team completed two questionnaires, and blood samples were taken by experts in a laboratory. Data were analyzed using SPSS V21.0 and R software. Results: The mean ages of the SARS-CoV-2 patients and the contacts were 53.0±18.2 and 30.8±19.3 years, respectively. The overall R0 of the infection was 2.58. Household and non-household secondary attack rates (SAR) were 20% (95%CI; 12.7–27.3) and 11.3% (95%CI; 6.1-16.5), respectively. The transmission probability of each contact was 0.0205, and the serial interval was 6.4±4.6 (95% CI; 5.2–7.6) days. The SAR was higher among the contacts who were exposed to asymptomatic primary cases (28%, 95%CI; 10-46%) than (13.8%, 95%CI; 9.4-18.2) among those exposed to symptomatic patients.  Conclusions: It is concluded that the herd immunity of 60 to 65% is needed in human communities, based on the amount of R0 estimated in our survey. The findings demonstrated the amount of the reduction in infection R0, which is predicted based on both clinical and public health interventions.}, Keywords = {SARS-CoV-2,Serology,Transmission,Iran,}, volume = {10}, Number = {2}, pages = {75-85}, publisher = {Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.52547/johe.10.2.75}, url = {http://johe.rums.ac.ir/article-1-469-en.html}, eprint = {http://johe.rums.ac.ir/article-1-469-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Occupational Health and Epidemiology}, issn = {2251-8096}, eissn = {2252-0902}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Tavakkoli, Roya and Nazer, Mohammad and ZeinaddinyMeymand, Zahr}, title = {Effects of Stress Inoculation Training on General Health and Occupational Adjustment Strategies in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis}, abstract ={Background: Due to its chronic and debilitating nature, multiple sclerosis (MS) affects various psychological dimensions of patients’ life, thereby disturbing their adjustment to their situation and the environment. This study aimed to investigate effects of stress inoculation training (SIT) on general health and occupational adjustment strategies in MS patients. Materials & Methods: In this educational trial, 40 people were selected by random sampling from all MS patients who referred to a special clinic in Rafsanjan (Kerman, Iran, 2018) and randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. Dimensions of general health and adjustment strategies were evaluated before and after SIT by the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and Bell Adjustment Inventory. The intervention group received SIT treatment weekly for seven sessions. Besides, data were analyzed using analysis of covariance. Results: The participants' mean age was 34.92 ± 7.32 years. Regarding general health dimensions, the results showed that the mean scores of physical health (11.40 ± 30.8), anxiety (6.10 ± 1.94), social health (6.70 ± 1.56), and depression (5.80 ± 1.32) did not change significantly after SIT (p > 0.05). Concerning adjustment strategies, SIT was effective in improving occupational (13.6 ± 1.35) and emotional strategies (13.2±2.74) with p = 0.038 and p = 0.021, respectively. Conclusion: According to the results, SIT was effective in improving occupational and emotional adjustment, yet it was not effective in improving the dimensions of public health. Moreover, it seems in order to improve general health in MS patients, various variables are essential along with stress control.}, Keywords = {Multiple Sclerosis,Adjustment,Health,Training Support,}, volume = {10}, Number = {2}, pages = {86-92}, publisher = {Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.52547/johe.10.2.86}, url = {http://johe.rums.ac.ir/article-1-429-en.html}, eprint = {http://johe.rums.ac.ir/article-1-429-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Occupational Health and Epidemiology}, issn = {2251-8096}, eissn = {2252-0902}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Mazar, Leili and Nasirzadeh, Mostafa and SalimAbadi, Yaser}, title = {Knowledge, Attitude, and Perceived Threat of Butchers in Rafsanjan City concerning Brucellosis in 2020-2021}, abstract ={Background: Brucellosis or Malta fever is a common disease between humans and animals mostly affecting livestock farmers, butchers, and veterinarians. The present study aimed to determine knowledge, attitude, and perceived threat of butchers in Rafsanjan city regarding Brucellosis in 2020-2021. Materials and Methods: A descriptive correlational study was carried out on all butchers in Rafsanjan in 2020-2021using the census method. The data were collected through a questionnaire (demographic, knowledge, attitude, and perceived threat). SPSS (version 20) was used to analyze the data using one-way ANOVA, Independent t-test, and Pearson Correlation at a significance level of less than 0.05. Results: The mean age of 130 participants in the present study was 39.68 ± 11.23 years. The mean score of butchers' knowledge, attitude, and perceived threat were 70.07, 78, and 78.33 out of 100, respectively. A positive and significant correlation of butchers' knowledge was observed with their attitude (p <0.001( and perceived threat (p <0.001 (. Further, there was a significant correlation between perceived threat and work experience (p = 0.007(. Conclusion: Although the knowledge, attitude, and perceived threat of the butchers about Brucellosis was at a favorable level, it is better to design, implement, and evaluate training and retraining programs to teach more about the disease and prevent Brucellosis among at-risk individuals, especially butchers.}, Keywords = {Knowledge,Attitude,Butchers,Brucellosis,}, volume = {10}, Number = {2}, pages = {93-98}, publisher = {Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.52547/johe.10.2.93}, url = {http://johe.rums.ac.ir/article-1-430-en.html}, eprint = {http://johe.rums.ac.ir/article-1-430-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Occupational Health and Epidemiology}, issn = {2251-8096}, eissn = {2252-0902}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Dargahi, Shahriar and SadriDamirchi, Esmaeil and GhamariGivi, Hossein and RezaeiSharif, Ali and Nazari, Alimohamm}, title = {Explaining Occupational Themes of Marital Dissatisfaction in Dual-Career Couples: A Qualitative Study}, abstract ={Background: Today, dual-career couples are becoming increasingly prevalent around the world. Due to the nature of the life of this group of people, the existence of multiple roles in the fields of work and the family, and the resulting marital problems, the present study aimed to explain occupational themes of marital dissatisfaction in dual-career couples. Materials and Methods: The present study is a qualitative study that performs interpretive phenomenological analysis through semi-structured interviews with 13 dual-career couples. Participants were purposefully selected from those who referred to counseling centers in Ardabil County, according to the inclusion criteria. Before the interviews, the participants, in addition to signing informed consent forms, responded to the sexual and marital satisfaction scale for initial evaluations and entry into the research. The thematic analysis method was used for data analysis. Results: Based on participants’ responses to the research questions, occupational themes of sexual and marital dissatisfaction with the dual career situation were classified into two main themes, including work-family conflicts and financial conflicts with five sub-themes and 12 categories. Conclusion: Based on the results, occupational themes of marital dissatisfaction in dual-career couples have different dimensions. Due to the lack of qualitative research in this field, the results of the present study could be applied in the fields of psychopathology as well as in the prevention and treatment of marital and sexuality problems among dual-career couples.}, Keywords = {Satisfaction,Couples,Qualitative,}, volume = {10}, Number = {2}, pages = {99-104}, publisher = {Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.52547/johe.10.2.99}, url = {http://johe.rums.ac.ir/article-1-431-en.html}, eprint = {http://johe.rums.ac.ir/article-1-431-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Occupational Health and Epidemiology}, issn = {2251-8096}, eissn = {2252-0902}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Kosari, Marzieh and Mahdavi, Sakineh and zaroushani, vida and Dehghani, Tahereh and NaghaviKonjin, Zahr}, title = {A Hazard and Operability Study for Assessing Hazard Risks using Fault Tree Analysis in an Iranian Petrochemical Industry Unit (2016)}, abstract ={Background: Risk assessment is an important tool for reducing casualties and financial damage in the oil and gas industry. This research aimed to identify and evaluate process hazards in the petrochemical industry in 2016. Material and Methods: In this case study, a team was organized and briefed on the process. Besides, hazard identification was performed using the Hazard and Operability Study. Next, causes were analyzed using the Fault Tree Analysis and occurrence probability of top events. Finally, events and subevents were ranked. The minimum cut sets were determined using Boolean algebra. Results: A total of 77 events were identified. Accordingly, unacceptable, tolerable, and acceptable risk levels were 41, 31, and 5 events, respectively. Fire was the most unacceptable risk level, with the final events of "human errors in correct gasket installation on the flange surface" and "flange defects" having had the shares of 51.2 and 21.55%, respectively. Conclusion: The combination of the two HAZOP and FTA techniques is useful in process industries in which incomplete performance of the system and control systems is the most effective factor in the potential occurrence of fire. Human errors and flange defects are the two main factors in this event, so occupational safety and health must be improved in this system. Thus, due to complex interactions between humans, machines, materials, and the environment in systems, such as the petrochemical industry, which lead to uncertainties in safety results of the process, risk assessment is recommended to be performed periodically using different techniques.}, Keywords = {Safety,Chemical Hazard Release,Chemical Safety,Safety Management,}, volume = {10}, Number = {2}, pages = {105-112}, publisher = {Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.52547/johe.10.2.105}, url = {http://johe.rums.ac.ir/article-1-434-en.html}, eprint = {http://johe.rums.ac.ir/article-1-434-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Occupational Health and Epidemiology}, issn = {2251-8096}, eissn = {2252-0902}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Debela, Mitiku Bonsa and Azage, Muluken and Begosaw, Achenef Motbainor}, title = {Prevalence of Occupational Injury among Workers in the Construction, Manufacturing, and Mining Industries in Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis}, abstract ={Background: Despite the volume of existing literature on the prevalence of occupation-related injuries in Africa, it is fragmented across a broader spectrum and difficult to quickly understand the average magnitude. Besides, there is a lack of empirical shreds of evidence on the regional pooled estimate. Hence, the study aimed to develop the regional pooled estimates of occupation-related injuries among workers in Africa's industries. Materials and Methods: The study followed preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines. The used databases included Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, and Cochrane Library. Further, a modified version of the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment was used for the critical appraisal of studies. The pooled prevalence of injury was computed using STATA version 14 statistical software. Funnel plot and Egger's tests were conducted to evaluate publication bias. The study assessed the heterogeneity using the I-squared test and Galbraith plot. Results: Out of 603 accessed studies, 20 that met the eligibility criteria were included. The pooled prevalence of occupational injury in Africa was 57% (95% CI: 48, 67). Totally, 62% (95% CI: 44, 77), 57% (95% CI: 38, 76), and 51% (95% CI: 32, 69) of injuries were identified in the manufacturing, construction, and mining sites, respectively, based on the subgroup analysis. Conclusions: The rate of occupation-related injuries is dramatically increasing. Such injury is one of the immense concerns for workers' health and safety in Africa. Hence, the stakeholders should carry out rigorous law enforcement to ensure compliance with health and safety measures.}, Keywords = {Construction,Occupational Injury,Prevalence,Manufacturing,Mining,Systematic Review,Africa,}, volume = {10}, Number = {2}, pages = {113-126}, publisher = {Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.52547/johe.10.2.113}, url = {http://johe.rums.ac.ir/article-1-438-en.html}, eprint = {http://johe.rums.ac.ir/article-1-438-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Occupational Health and Epidemiology}, issn = {2251-8096}, eissn = {2252-0902}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Asgarian, Azadeh and Sadeghi, Roghayeh and Abolhasani, Fatemeh and Mohammadbeigi, Abolfazl and OmidiOskouei, Alireza and Soltanzadeh, Ahm}, title = {Association between Job Satisfaction, Burnout, and Patient Safety Culture among Medical Staff of the Qom University of Medical Sciences in 2020, Iran}, abstract ={Background: Some factors, such as burnout and job satisfaction, may affect patient safety culture. This study aimed to examine the association between burnout, job satisfaction and patient safety culture among medical staff of the Qom University of Medical Sciences in 2020. Materials and Methods: This descriptive-correlative study was conducted on 248 medical staff members of the Qom University of Medical Sciences in 2020. The demographic checklist, the standard hospital survey on patient safety culture (HSOPSO), the Maslach burnout inventory, and the job satisfaction questionnaire were used for data collection. Content validity of the questionnaires was evaluated based on expert judgments. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 78 and 41% for the Maslach burnout questionnaire and the JDI questionnaire, respectively. Besides, the Pearson's correlation coefficient, the independent t-test, and the analysis of variance were used to analyze the data via SPSS software. Results: This study included 40 (16.1%) males and 208 (83.9%) females with the mean age of 32.04 ± 7.9 years. The mean and SD of the HSOPSO, JID, and frequency of burnout scores were 135.4 ± 10.1, 68.07 ± 13.2, and 53.8 ± 4.5, respectively. This study showed that job burnout has a significantly negative association with patient safety culture (r= -0.53, P < 0.000). In contrast, there was a statistically significant positive association between job satisfaction and patient safety culture (r= 0.643, P < 0.000). Conclusion: The findings of this study indicated that both factors of job satisfaction and burnout might play a significant role in patient safety. Thus, top medical managers must provide appropriate conditions for employees to improve patient safety.}, Keywords = {Burnout,Job Satisfaction,Patient Safety,Medical Staff,}, volume = {10}, Number = {2}, pages = {127-133}, publisher = {Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.52547/johe.10.2.127}, url = {http://johe.rums.ac.ir/article-1-423-en.html}, eprint = {http://johe.rums.ac.ir/article-1-423-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Occupational Health and Epidemiology}, issn = {2251-8096}, eissn = {2252-0902}, year = {2021} }