@article{ author = {Vazirinejad, Rez}, title = {Pathology and Epidemiology of Plagiarism (1)}, abstract ={These days we have been hearing the news from different academic organizations, including medical universities and health research groups, that unfortunately some people working in the scientific centers fall in different sorts of plagiarism traps. It is even more terrible knowing that this is an iceberg shape problem (1). Of course this is not acceptable even though it might happen unconsciously. Mistakes due to the shortage of knowledge in the field of research ethics could be resolved by conducting educational programs in the different branches of the research. What is critically important and must be controlled as soon as possible is the plagiarism which happens consciously.   The first step for controlling these types of plagiarism is working on its pathology as well as its epidemiology. In the other word, we need to know “why an academic person decides to commit plagiarism?”  Many reasons could be listed by people, but one of them seems to be very important. My experience of working in a medical school for about 25 years and my contacts with my colleagues in different medical universities shows that our policies in the medical universities have deteriorated this unfortunate problem. In our medical universities we have forgotten that the ultimate target of research and publication is creation of new science which help human health. It seems like we have not attempted to teach our young students that this is the main reason for conducting research or whatsoever. Let me correct myself, may be the way we act with our research findings has misled our younger researchers!! We all accept that we would like to make a product from our findings (such as changing a behavior). But, what is this product?! Or what does “product” means? Martisiute et al presented a list of definitions for the “product” in 2010 (2). Regarding these definitions presented for “product”, all of them refer to a concept for “satisfying a need”. Now, what is the “need”? to reply, first we should say “whose need?” in other words, we should clarify that who should benefit from the research product? People or the researcher?!   This is the key question. If we bear in mind that only the researcher (me) should have the benefit from the research, therefore in many cases, the ultimate target would be the PAPER! Because the researcher knows that it is not easy to sell the results of his health research to a customer in particular when layman people are the main customers!!. Publishing papers help the researcher to improve his academic position, for instance from assistant professor to an associate professor to a full professor. Or, helping him become a famous person in his field in the country or even in the world which is of course very tempting. Therefore, publishing a paper could become an ultimate target even if it is not honestly written, specially, when there is no method to help the journalists to detect many of the worse types of plagiarism such as data fabrication (3). It is a sad scenario, but who should be to blame?!  Medical universities have their own policies for improving both their staff position (people who work as researcher or lecturer) and the university position. It would be fine as long as they encourage their staff to publish papers, however, it would become a risk for plagiarism when it becomes an obligation. It would be even worse when there is no control or supervision. There might be this need in the near future to ask the universities or the research authorities to confirm research manuscripts before publication. There is still a long way to go for ethics considerations in the research worldwide.}, Keywords = {------------------------------------------}, volume = {7}, Number = {1}, pages = {1-2}, publisher = {Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.29252/johe.7.1.1}, url = {http://johe.rums.ac.ir/article-1-280-en.html}, eprint = {http://johe.rums.ac.ir/article-1-280-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Occupational Health and Epidemiology}, issn = {2251-8096}, eissn = {2252-0902}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Norouzi, Reza and Dargahi, Shahriar and Aeyadi, Nader and Sarhaddi, Mahdieh}, title = {The association between workplace spirituality and Job Stress with occupational ethics through mediating role of Job Enthusiasm among nurses in Zahedan City, 2017}, abstract ={Background: Observing ethical principles is a part of nursing occupation and nurses should be aware of the importance of this subject when providing nursing care in order to provide their skills based on occupational ethics. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim to investigate the relationship between occupational stress and the workplace spirituality with the nurses’ occupational ethics through the mediating role of job enthusiasm. Materials and Methods: This was a cross sectional-descriptive study. The study population consisted all man and woman nurses working at hospitals in Zahedan City, Iran. Cluster sampling method was used to select the sample group. A total of 160 nurses were selected as the sample for the study. To collect data, the organizational spirituality questionnaire proposed by Milliman, et al., standard occupational ethics questionnaire by Gregory C. Petty and Expanded Nursing Stress Scale (ENSS) by French et al., and job enthusiasm questionnaire were used. The data were analyzed using path analyzing method. Results: The present study showed that the job enthusiasm variable plays a mediating role between workplace spirituality and occupational stress with the nurses’ occupational ethics (P < 0.001). In addition, the positive effect of workplace spirituality (0.277) and negative occupational stress (-0.204) was significant on occupational ethics (P < 0.001). Conclusions: The results of the study, in line with other studies, show that occupational stress and workplace spirituality with impact on job enthusiasm can explain the occupational ethics of nurses.}, Keywords = {Workplace,Spirituality,Occupational Stress,Ethics,Nurses,}, volume = {7}, Number = {1}, pages = {3-10}, publisher = {Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.29252/johe.7.1.3}, url = {http://johe.rums.ac.ir/article-1-271-en.html}, eprint = {http://johe.rums.ac.ir/article-1-271-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Occupational Health and Epidemiology}, issn = {2251-8096}, eissn = {2252-0902}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Shabab, Mitra and Rismanchian, Masoud and KarimiZeverdegani, Sara and Rangkooy, Hossein Ali}, title = {Feasibility evaluation of trace amount of zinc in urine samples using atomic absorption solidified floating organic drop micro-extraction technique}, abstract ={Background: The present study was carried out with the aim of extracting trace amounts of zinc in urine samples with ultrasound-assisted emulsification solidified floating organic drop micro-extraction (USAE-SFODME) method by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The efficiency was investigated using the solvent extraction volume, extraction pH, time sonication and temperature extraction. The present study was conducted aiming to respond on the efficiency of SFODME technique in extracting inorganic analytes in biological samples. Materials and Methods: This was an experimental research with several steps. After preparation standard solution of zinc, USAE-SFODME technique was used for extracting zinc cation from urine samples. This method involves centrifuge, buffer and ligand adding, sonication, extraction of analyte and finally analysis with FAAS. Excel 2010 software was used in this study in order to plot the graphs. Results: Extraction of zinc was performed under optimized conditions of 2 ml 1-(2-Pyridylazo)-2-naphthol (PAN), 90 µl 1-dodecanol, pH = 5.5, for 20 minutes at 35 ˚C. Recovery, the regression coefficient, and relative standard deviation (RSD) were obtained as 96.6% and 99.0%, respectively. RSD for tree concentration 0.8 µgml-1 Zn cation (Zn2+) was 3.4%. The limit of detection (LOD) was found to be 0.426 µgml-1. Conclusions: Using green solvents, downsizing the samples, replacement of toxic reagents use, and lack of needing the preparation of the samples are the most important advantages of this technique. USAE-SFODME has a successful development in determining trace amounts of zinc in urine samples which can be performed in chemical laboratories with rather ordinary equipment.  }, Keywords = {Zinc,Urine,Biological Monitoring,}, volume = {7}, Number = {1}, pages = {11-19}, publisher = {Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.29252/johe.7.1.11}, url = {http://johe.rums.ac.ir/article-1-272-en.html}, eprint = {http://johe.rums.ac.ir/article-1-272-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Occupational Health and Epidemiology}, issn = {2251-8096}, eissn = {2252-0902}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Haghshenas, Behnam and Habibi, Ehsanollah and HajiEsmaeilHajar, Fahimeh and GhanbarySartang, Ayoub and vanWijk, Louis and Khakkar, Sahel}, title = {The association between musculoskeletal disorders with mental workload and occupational fatigue in the office staff of a communication service company in Tehran, Iran, in 2017}, abstract ={Background: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are one of the most common work-related illnesses, which lead to high costs and a reduction in labor productivity. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between MSDs with mental workload (MWL) and occupational fatigue among the office staff of a communication service in Tehran, Iran, in 2017. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted on 94 staff of a communication service company in June 2017. The data collection tools included Rapid Office Strain Assessment (ROSA), NASA Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) questionnaire and Swedish Occupational Fatigue Inventory (SOFI). Data analysis conducted using descriptive statistics and one-way ANOVA test in SPSS software. Results: 73% of the participants were women with mean age of 28.25 ± 3.40 years and the remaining participants were men with mean age of 26.91 ± 4.60 years. According to the results of the Nordic questionnaire, the highest pain was observed in the neck (65.94%) during the last year. According to the results of the ROSA, 71% of the participants were at the warning risk level and the need for ergonomic interventions. In addition, the relationship between occupational fatigue and its subscales with MSDs was significant in all cases (P < 0.001). Finally According to the results, the participants’ MWL was high. Conclusions: The results of the present study showed that high workload and occupational fatigue cause MSDs, and intervention is necessary in these individuals.  }, Keywords = {Musculoskeletal Disorders,Work Load,Fatigue,}, volume = {7}, Number = {1}, pages = {20-29}, publisher = {Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.29252/johe.7.1.20}, url = {http://johe.rums.ac.ir/article-1-274-en.html}, eprint = {http://johe.rums.ac.ir/article-1-274-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Occupational Health and Epidemiology}, issn = {2251-8096}, eissn = {2252-0902}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Lotfi, Haghighat and Rezazadeh, Hassan and Ebrahim, karim}, title = {Hematological and hepatic alterations among copper mine workers and office employees in a copper mine in the west of Iran, 2015}, abstract ={Background: Workers in different occupational positions experience significant Cu exposures, however, Cu toxicity has not been fully studied as compared to other heavy metals. In the present study, hematological and hepatic alterations have been investigated among copper mine workers. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted in a copper mine in west of Iran, on 402 copper mine workers (study group) and 52 office employees (control group) during winter 2015. 5ml blood samples were provided from each subject and hematological and hepatic parameters including white blood cell (WBC), platelet (PLT), hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCH), lymphocytes, neutrophils, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and serum Cu levels have been determined using their commercial kits. The results were analyzed in the SPSS software using t-test and regression method.  Results: ALT, AST, HGB, MCV, MCH and plasma Cu levels among the workers were significantly higher than the office employees (p<0.050). WBC and RBC counts among the workers were significantly lower than the control group (p= 0.049 and 0.024, respectively). Serum Cu levels of 215 of the workers were higher than its normal recommended range (120 µg/dl). For the subjects with serum Cu levels above 150 µg/dl, increases in AST and ALT were in compliance with serum Cu levels increase. Conclusions: Significant hepatic and hematological alteration were observed among copper miners compared to control group. Employment of workers with background hematological and hepatic disorders in copper industries must be accompanied with great caution.}, Keywords = {Copper,Toxicity,Liver,Hematologic Diseases,Miners,}, volume = {7}, Number = {1}, pages = {30-36}, publisher = {Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.29252/johe.7.1.30}, url = {http://johe.rums.ac.ir/article-1-275-en.html}, eprint = {http://johe.rums.ac.ir/article-1-275-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Occupational Health and Epidemiology}, issn = {2251-8096}, eissn = {2252-0902}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Saremi, Mahnaz and Khayati, Fatemeh and Mousavi, Fatemeh}, title = {Validity and reliability of the Chester step test for prediction of the aerobic capacity among Iranian students}, abstract ={Background: Assessment of aerobic capacity is of vital importance in both general community and occupational settings. Valid, reliable and feasible tests are required to indicate the functionality of cardiopulmonary system. The present study was carried out aiming to evaluate the suitability of the Chester step test (CST) as a field test to measure the Iranians’ aerobic capacity.    Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study performed in 2016, 63 university students completed the Astrand-rhyming cycle ergometer test and the CST. Actual and predicted maximum rate of oxygen consumption (VO2 max) were recorded and their relationship was examined by Pearson's correlation coefficient and Bland-Altman plot. Repeatability was checked using intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC).  Results: Predicted and actual amounts of VO2 max were significantly correlated (r = 0.868, P < 0.001). The mean difference between them was -0.89 ml/kg/minute. ICC between CST and the retest CST (CSTretest) was 0.858. Conclusions: CST is a valid and reliable field test for the estimation of cardiorespiratory capacity among the study subjects. With its exclusive features (e.g. safety, convenience and ease of use), CST could be suggested as an alternative to other existing methods of estimating VO2 max; the applicability of the existing methods among Iranian individuals are unclear. However, like other estimation methods, special prudence should be adopted when dealing with critical health decisions.}, Keywords = {Validity,Students,Iran,}, volume = {7}, Number = {1}, pages = {37-43}, publisher = {Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.29252/johe.7.1.37}, url = {http://johe.rums.ac.ir/article-1-283-en.html}, eprint = {http://johe.rums.ac.ir/article-1-283-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Occupational Health and Epidemiology}, issn = {2251-8096}, eissn = {2252-0902}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Momeni, Zahra and Koohgardi, Moslem and Mohammadi, Masou}, title = {Epidemiology of incidents and accidents registered in Dayyer, Bushehr province, Iran (2015)}, abstract ={Background: Awareness of the overall status of incidents and accidents and also the relevant causes can be extremely fruitful in preventing them. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the epidemiology of incidents and accidents in Dayyer, Province of Bushehr, Iran. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 838 incident cases obtained from the registered data from the accidents and incidents registry of Dayyer health care system in 2015. The data were collected using a checklist. Then, the data were analyzed using descriptive (prevalence and percentage) and inferential (chi-square test and t-test) statistics. Results: Out of 838 registered incident cases, the overall rate of incidents was 15.1 in 1000 individuals; the rates among men and women were 22.6 and 7.3 in 1000, respectively. The highest rate belonged to men (n = 637; 76.0%) and the age range of 20-29 years (n = 201; 24.0%). The highest rate of accidents has been reported in urban regions (n = 661; 78.9%) which occurred at home (n = 340; 40.6%) and in autumn (n = 236; 28.2%). The highest rate of incidents belonged to trauma (25.4%), motorcycle crash (22.6%), and snakebite and scorpion sting (13.4%). Conclusions: The highest occurrence rates of incidents and accidents were observed among men and the young compared to other groups in Dayyer. Thus, it is necessary that the appropriate programs be prepared for the public, particularly the young, via mass media regarding observing traffic codes and helping self-protection.}, Keywords = {Incidence,Accidents,Incidents,Epidemiology,Iran,}, volume = {7}, Number = {1}, pages = {44-52}, publisher = {Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.29252/johe.7.1.44}, url = {http://johe.rums.ac.ir/article-1-270-en.html}, eprint = {http://johe.rums.ac.ir/article-1-270-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Occupational Health and Epidemiology}, issn = {2251-8096}, eissn = {2252-0902}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {RahimiMoghadam, Somayeh and LaieghTizabi, Mohamad Naser and Khanjani, Narges and Emkani, Mojtaba and TaghaviManesh, Vahid and Mohammadi, Ali Akbar and Delkhosh, Mohammad Bagher and Najafi, Hossei}, title = {Noise pollution and sleep disturbance among Neyshabur Hospital staff, Iran (2015)}, abstract ={Background: Noise pollution is the third most dangerous risk factor for human health after air and water pollution. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of noise pollution on sleep disturbance among Neyshabur governmental teaching hospital staff, Iran, in 2015. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in winter 2015. The sample size was 261 people from 2 hospitals in Neyshabur. The instruments for data collection were a CELL440 sound meter and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: The mean sound level in the 22-Bahman and Hakim hospitals was 35.10 ± 8.79 dB and 44.60 ± 10.02 dB, respectively. 87% of the participants had poor sleep quality and 30% had to use sleeping pills to get to sleep. In 94.6%, poor nocturnal sleep caused poor performance during the day. 69.3% of participants reported that it took more than 30 minutes for them to get to sleep. Work history and exposure to noise had an inverse association with sleep quality. For each unit increase in noise, the score of sleep quality decreased significantly by 0.6. Conclusions: Sleep quality can affect the performance of hospital personnel and can cause human errors in prescribing and injecting medications and other therapeutic interventions. It consequently has adverse effects on the patients. Therefore, necessary measures should be taken for reducing and controlling the noise, informing the personnel, changing shiftwork patterns, and allowing people to choose shift work voluntarily.  }, Keywords = {Noise Pollution,Sleep Disorders,Hospitals,Iran,}, volume = {7}, Number = {1}, pages = {53-64}, publisher = {Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.29252/johe.7.1.53}, url = {http://johe.rums.ac.ir/article-1-269-en.html}, eprint = {http://johe.rums.ac.ir/article-1-269-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Occupational Health and Epidemiology}, issn = {2251-8096}, eissn = {2252-0902}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Iranpour, Masoud and SoleimaniNejad, Adel and Doroudi**, Fariborz and Saeedifard, Zahra and Alinezhad, Hassan and Ziaadini, Mohamm}, title = {Hospital information system and working process of both managers and network users in Ali ibn Abi Talib Hospital of Rafsanjan, Iran}, abstract ={Background: The present study was conducted with the aim to determine the effect of hospital information system (HIS) on the performance and working process of managers and network users of Ali ibn Abi Tileb Hospital of Rafsanjan, Iran. Materials and Methods: This research was conducted on employees of Ali ibn Abi Talib Hospital in Rafsanjan (n = 650 individuals). The study sample volume was determined using the Cochran formula (n = 250 subjects). In this research, stratified random sampling method was used in proportion to the size of the sample. In the present research, the data collection tool was a valid questionnaire, with a Cronbach's alpha value of greater than 0.7. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: Based on the results obtained for the discipline component, the P value was less than 0.05. The mean score in the one-sample test was larger than the mean average limit, and the HIS had a positive effect on discipline in the performance of managers and users (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Due to the importance of the HIS knowledge, one can increase the performance of users and also facilitate the admission and discharge affairs of patients, and hence, achieve the desired state, which is the patient's satisfaction.}, Keywords = {Hospital Information System,Managers,Employees,Performance,}, volume = {7}, Number = {1}, pages = {65-69}, publisher = {Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.29252/johe.7.1.65}, url = {http://johe.rums.ac.ir/article-1-209-en.html}, eprint = {http://johe.rums.ac.ir/article-1-209-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Occupational Health and Epidemiology}, issn = {2251-8096}, eissn = {2252-0902}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Mondal, Rajib and Sarker, Rajib Chandra and Akter, Sumi and Banik, Palash Chandra and Baroi, Simson Kaly}, title = {Prevalence of low back pain and its associated factors among physiotherapists in Dhaka city of Bangladesh in 2016}, abstract ={Background: Low back pain (LBP) is one of the major public health issues among health care professionals, especially among the physiotherapists. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of LBP among Bangladeshi physiotherapists and its associated factors. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 130 physiotherapists practicing in Dhaka city. Hospitals, clinics and private chambers, and the respondents were selected conveniently (on invitation those who were agreed to participate). Verbal rating score was used to evaluate the severity of pain where the respondents also asked the necessary questions. Face-to-face interviews were conducted using a researcher-administered structured questionnaire. Both descriptive and comparative (chi-square test and binary logistic regression analysis) statistics were done using SPSS software. Results: Men respondents were dominator [n: 85 (65.4%)], and the mean ± standard deviation of age and body mass index (BMI) of all of the respondents were 31.1 ± 7.1 years and 23.5 ± 2.9 kg/m2, respectively. Study found three in every five [n: 79 (60.8%); 95% of confidence interval (CI): 52.4-69.2] physiotherapists suffered from LBP. Lack of maintenance of correct posture, most frequent posture during practice and absence of lumber support on chair were found significantly associated factors with LBP among physiotherapists. Conclusion: Current study clearly revealed a higher proportion of Bangladeshi physiotherapists were suffering from LBP, which was associated with lack of maintenance of correct posture, most frequent postures during practice and absence of lumber support on chair.  }, Keywords = {Low Back Pain,Musculoskeletal Disorders,Physiotherapists,Prevalence,Activities of Daily Living,}, volume = {7}, Number = {2}, pages = {70-74}, publisher = {Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.29252/johe.7.2.70}, url = {http://johe.rums.ac.ir/article-1-293-en.html}, eprint = {http://johe.rums.ac.ir/article-1-293-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Occupational Health and Epidemiology}, issn = {2251-8096}, eissn = {2252-0902}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Fatehi, Abbas and AghaMohammadHasani, Parvin and Fakhimpour, Parisa Sadat and Mokhtaree, Mohammadrez}, title = {Prevalence rate of behavioral disorders among 10-12 year old school children in Rafsanjan, Iran, in 2016; the viewpoint of parents}, abstract ={Background: Behavioral disorders in childhood are very important due to the possibility of behavioral-mental disorders in adulthood. The aim of this study was to determine the rate of behavioral disorders factors among children in the 4th and 5th grade of primary school in Rafsanjan City, Iran, in 2016. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive, cross-sectional study, 500 students were selected from among the 4th and 5th grade of primary school based on the sample size formula and randomized cluster sampling method. Parents of the selected children filled out the demographic characteristics checklist and the Rutter Children’s Behavior ‎Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test in SPSS software. Results: From the parents’ points of view, 110 (22%), 45 (9%), and 5 (1%) children had behavioral disorder, symptoms of aggression, and symptoms of antisocial behavior, respectively. The association between prevalence of behavioral disorder and student's age, father's occupation (P < 0.001), parental divorce (P < 0.012), birth rank (P = 0.034), parental addiction (P < 0.001), and parental education (P = 0.048) was statistically significance. Conclusions: The prevalence of behavioral disorders among children in the 4th and 5th grade of primary school in Rafsanjan was high. Due to the negative effects of these disorders on different educational and social aspects of the students, the greater attention of authorities, teachers, and parents seems necessary to identify conducive factors and find appropriate strategies to prevent the emergence of such disorders.    }, Keywords = {Behavior Disorders,Students,Primary School,Iran,}, volume = {7}, Number = {2}, pages = {75-82}, publisher = {Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.29252/johe.7.2.75}, url = {http://johe.rums.ac.ir/article-1-261-en.html}, eprint = {http://johe.rums.ac.ir/article-1-261-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Occupational Health and Epidemiology}, issn = {2251-8096}, eissn = {2252-0902}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Madadzadeh, Mina and Barati, Hadith and AhmadiAsour, Akbar}, title = {The association between workload and job stress among nurses in Vasei hospital, Sabzevar city, Iran, in 2016}, abstract ={Background: Occupations that deal with the health and safety of people are always stressful. Job stress and work load are factors that affect staff such as nurses. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between workload and job stress in nurses of Vasei Hospital, Sabzevar City, Iran, in 2016. Materials and Methods: This cross- sectional study was conducted on 80 nurses of Vasei Hospital, Sabzevar City based on a probabilistic sampling method. The amount of workload was determined by NASA Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) questionnaire having six dimensions, and job stress was evaluated using Steinmetz questionnaire. Data were analyzed by descriptive tests, analysis of variance and Pearson correlation. Results: The mean values for work load and job stress were 71.69 ± 10.49 and 41.60 ± 10.26, respectively. 83.8% of the subjects had high work load (> 60) and 52.5% of the subjects had moderate stress levels (30-70). The highest mean among six dimensions of workload was related to physical labor (78.00 ± 19.97), and the lowest mean was related to frustration (54.75 ± 20.70). Conclusion: The results did not show a significant association between workload and job stress in the nurses of Vasei Hospital, Sabzevar City. However, the mean work load was high for most people. This situation can be improved by increasing the ability and accountability of nurses through training courses on controlling labor pressure.    }, Keywords = {Workload,Job Stress,Nursing,Iran,}, volume = {7}, Number = {2}, pages = {83-89}, publisher = {Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.29252/johe.7.2.83}, url = {http://johe.rums.ac.ir/article-1-265-en.html}, eprint = {http://johe.rums.ac.ir/article-1-265-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Occupational Health and Epidemiology}, issn = {2251-8096}, eissn = {2252-0902}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Mirhosseini, Seyed Nabiollah and Davoodi, Seyed Rasoul and Azimmohseni, Maji}, title = {Intrinsic motivation and psychological factors on wearing helmet among motorcyclists in Gorgan City, Iran, in 2016}, abstract ={Background: Motorcycles have a higher rate of fatality than cars within the same distance travelled. Head injuries are the main causes of death in motorcycle crashes. The objective of this study is to investigate intrinsic motivation and psychological factors on use of a helmet among motorcyclists in Gorgan City, Iran, in 2016. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional survey was conducted among motorcycle riders at randomly selected areas such as fuel stations and service complexes in Gorgan City, Iran, in 2016. The questionnaire was composed of two parts, and 393 people were fully responsive to all questions. The first part included social demographic questions such as age, gender, education, income and marital status. The second part was consisted of questions measuring the intrinsic motivation of incentives and barriers, perceived benefits and barriers, perceived behavioral control, and behavior. Results: Based on both Pearson correlation and Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA), the correlation of intrinsic motivation incentives with perceived benefits under the influence of respect for the law was statistically significant (χ2 = 68.751, P < 0.010), (r = 0.491, P < 0.010) which would greatly increase helmet use. Intrinsic motivation barriers with perceived benefits was more influenced by the importance of appearance for drivers with a significant correlation (χ2 = 40.655, P < 0.010), (r = 0.281, P < 0.010), this factor was found to reduce the use of helmets among motorcyclists. Conclusions: In this study, care for appearance is regarded as an intrinsic motivation which has a significant correlation in almost all psychological factors and finally leads to the use or not use of a helmet. Another key factor which persuades the riders to wear a helmet is respect to the traffic regulations; thus, enforcing the law may be a fundamental strategy for increasing helmet use. }, Keywords = {Public Health,Motorcycles,Psychological Factors,Helmets,Iran,}, volume = {7}, Number = {2}, pages = {90-96}, publisher = {Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.29252/johe.7.2.90}, url = {http://johe.rums.ac.ir/article-1-281-en.html}, eprint = {http://johe.rums.ac.ir/article-1-281-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Occupational Health and Epidemiology}, issn = {2251-8096}, eissn = {2252-0902}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Mehrifar, Younes and Mardanparvar, Hossein and Mohebian, Zohre}, title = {Musculoskeletal disorders among surgeons working in several hospitals of Tehran, Iran (2015)}, abstract ={Background: Work related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) have been described as one of the main health problems among healthcare workers. Adverse symptoms and disorders of the musculoskeletal system represent an important cause of occupational morbidity for employees around the world. Materials and Methods: The present study was performed with the aim to identify and characterize musculoskeletal symptoms in a sample including oral and maxillofacial surgeons In Tehran, Capital city of Iran. A cross-sectional identity self-reported Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) was sent to 45 oral and maxillofacial surgeons. Study population completed the Standardized Nordic questionnaire. Results: Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics in the Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) software. Of the study sample (n = 40), 63.0% and 37.0% of the participants were men and women, respectively. Musculoskeletal symptoms in the lower back with 56.8% were reported to be the most incident symptom, followed by the neck, upper back, and shoulders with a rate of 84.6%, 44.1%, and 37.4%, respectively. The most common symptoms were stiffness in the neck, pain in the lower back, numbness in the wrist/hand, weakness in the wrist/hand, and contusion in the shoulder as 84.0 %, 64.3%, 18.5%, 29.0%, and 42.0%, respectively. As the weight of most of the participants was in the normal range, body mass index (BMI) was not associated with musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). Conclusions: This study showed a high incidence of self-reported musculoskeletal symptoms in some body regions among Iranian oral and maxillofacial surgeons. This indicated the need for developing occupational health programs for managing MSDs among surgeons.    }, Keywords = {Ergonomics,Musculoskeletal Disorders,Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons,}, volume = {7}, Number = {2}, pages = {97-102}, publisher = {Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.29252/johe.7.2.97}, url = {http://johe.rums.ac.ir/article-1-285-en.html}, eprint = {http://johe.rums.ac.ir/article-1-285-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Occupational Health and Epidemiology}, issn = {2251-8096}, eissn = {2252-0902}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Mousaeipour, Somayeh and AnsariJaberi, Ali and NegahbanBonabi, Tayebeh}, title = {The association between health literacy and self-medication behaviors among women referred to comprehensive health care centers in Sirjan, Iran, in 2017}, abstract ={Background: Self-medication is a challenging issue in health care systems and it seems that health literacy is a determining factor in safe self-medication behaviors. Limited studies are available in this field. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the relationship between health literacy and self-medicating behaviors among women referred to comprehensive health care centers Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, 540 women, who were referred to comprehensive health care centers in 2017, were selected randomly and their health literacy and self-medicating behaviors were assessed through self-reporting method. The data collection tools were the standard Health Literacy for Iranian ‎Adults (HELIA), and the self-medication behaviors questionnaires‎. Data were analyzed using chi-square, Mann-Whitney U, and Kruskal-Wallis H tests. Results: The results showed that the majority of women (94.6%) had inadequate health literacy. More than 89% of them approved self-medication and more than 98% of them performed self-medication. Older women and those who had a higher education level had lower mean health literacy scores (P = 0.021 and P = 0.001, respectively). There was no significant relationship between self-medication and demographic characteristics. Furthermore, there was no significant relationship between health literacy and confirmation and performance of self-medication. Conclusions: The women had low health literacy levels and high incorrect self-medication behaviors. Self-medication behaviors are performed independent of health literacy. It seems a reform in women's health programs and the empowerment of women in the target population is necessary in order to promote health literacy skills and appropriate self-medication behaviors. }, Keywords = {Self Medication,Health Literacy,Empowerment,Women Health,Iran,}, volume = {7}, Number = {2}, pages = {103-111}, publisher = {Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.29252/johe.7.2.103}, url = {http://johe.rums.ac.ir/article-1-299-en.html}, eprint = {http://johe.rums.ac.ir/article-1-299-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Occupational Health and Epidemiology}, issn = {2251-8096}, eissn = {2252-0902}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {AghaMohammadHasani, Parvin and Mokhtaree, Mohammadreza and SheikhFathollahi, Mahmood and Farrokjzadian, Jamileh}, title = {Interpersonal communication skills and its association with personality dimensions of nurses in Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Iran, in 2015}, abstract ={Background: Communication is a necessity of social life which is very important in health care settings due to the type of work and clients. The aim of this study was determine the association between interpersonal communication skills (ICSs) and personality dimensions of nurses working in Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, 223 nurses were selected by stratified random sampling method and they completed the Burton ICSs and the Revised NEO Personality Inventory ‎. Data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation, independent t-test, and multiple linear regression at a significant level of P = 0.050. Results: Among the selected nurses, 9.9%, 75.8%, and 14.3% had a poor, moderate and good communication skills respectively. The association between age (P = 0.026) and work experience (P = 0.025) with ICSs were inversely significant. There was a significant correlation between good communication skills and the extroversion personality aspect (P = 0.001), pleasure (P < 0.001), and accountability (P = 0.039). The pleasure and extroversion were able to predict and explain 8.7% of the ICSs nurses. Conclusions: More than half of the nurses had difficulties in ICSs. The communication pattern of nurses is effective in their performance and quality of work; therefore, their personality dimensions and traits can be taken into account in the process of recruiting, transferring, or moving them. Hence, each person can be appropriately located in the right place in terms of the area of activity, and type and number of clients.    }, Keywords = {Communication,Skill,Personality,Nurse,Iran,}, volume = {7}, Number = {2}, pages = {112-118}, publisher = {Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.29252/johe.7.2.112}, url = {http://johe.rums.ac.ir/article-1-286-en.html}, eprint = {http://johe.rums.ac.ir/article-1-286-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Occupational Health and Epidemiology}, issn = {2251-8096}, eissn = {2252-0902}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Hemmati, Amir and Talebi, Behnam and YariHajAtalou, Jahangir and Hassani, Mohamm}, title = {Structural modeling of career and organizational consequences of psychological empowerment among faculty members of Islamic Azad University in West Azerbaijan Province, Iran, (2017)}, abstract ={Background: One of the key factors in the effectiveness of universities is faculty members. Paying attention to this important source brings the university closer to its goals. This study aimed to investigate job and organizational consequences of psychological empowerment with mediating role of organizational innovation, organizational justice, and organizational support among in the branches of Islamic Azad University in West Azerbaijan Province, Iran, in year 2017.  Materials and Methods: In this descriptive correlational study, from 747 faculty members in Islamic Azad University of West Azerbaijan, 300 were selected using stratified random sampling method by Morgan table. Data were collected using nine standard questionnaires and a researcher-made questionnaire, and analyzed using SPSS and Lizrel software. Besides, to examine the relationships between latent and measured variables in the conceptual model, the structural equation modeling was used. Results: Psychological empowerment had positive and significant correlation with citizenship behavior (r = 0.52), organizational commitment (r = 0.37), job satisfaction (r = 0.34), and job performance (r = 0.33), and negative and significant correlation with turnover intention (r = -0.24) and absenteeism (r = -0.31) (P < 0.05 for all). Conclusion: This research showed that, the highest correlation was found between faculty members' psychological empowerment with organizational citizenship behavior, and the lowest correlation was between psychological empowerment and their turnover intention. In addition, justice, support, and organizational innovation play mediating role in the relationship between psychological empowerment and occupational and organizational consequences.    }, Keywords = {Psychological,Empowerment,Job Performance,Absenteeism,Iran,}, volume = {7}, Number = {2}, pages = {119-129}, publisher = {Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.29252/johe.7.2.119}, url = {http://johe.rums.ac.ir/article-1-289-en.html}, eprint = {http://johe.rums.ac.ir/article-1-289-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Occupational Health and Epidemiology}, issn = {2251-8096}, eissn = {2252-0902}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Vazirinejad, Rez}, title = {Epidemiology and pathology of plagiarism (2)}, abstract ={No doubt that the bright future of higher education systems is being threatened worldwide by the growing trend of research misconduct (RM) and its faith depends on our act against it. RM as a pandemic scientific damage has turned to a complicated phenomenon and its remedy needs global determination. As I have mentioned before (1), as long as the main target of publication, at least for many academic people, is producing a paper, as it has been claimed (2), so many deviations could easily happen by those academic people who do not have any fidelity to ethics considerations. These people are not the right people to work in the academic places, and in particular, in the educational ones. But, the question remains: how could it have been possible for such people to be recruited in the academic organizations in the first place. This situation gets even worse, when their position is uprgaded as a result of their illegal behavior. In turn this also increases their chances to become leaders of different sectors. These sectors (such as the Research Centre or a Medical School) become the arena for piracy of plagiarism and this nasty cycle of deficiency continues to spread. Now imagine, we are faced with an infected university or a bigger academic organization, which is not even after a cure. After a while there will be a disastrous situation. However, in industry or other fields that people could sell what they make based on the results of their research called a “product”, it is not easy to create products based on fake results! But we are concerned about the fake results in the medical universities, which most of them at last often are converted to papers. Notwithstanding, it seems like in some academic organizations, there must be a sort of mechanism which may not be able to control all the process of recruiting faculty members. In some countries (in particular, developed countries), people who want to work in universities should be qualified enough, in terms of the ethics as well as scientific knowledge and experience in order to land the job. Whereas, in some developing countries, it’s not that rigid for the applicants to have a permanent academic job. The situation gets even worse when we know most often it’s not easy to let off such people, afterward!! It is a sad reality and ridiculous. Now what should the countries facing these situations do with such people after they root? Although, at the beginning they only consist of a very small proportion of the academic staff, but their disorder can be very contagious! My experience shows that these people have a severe tendency to generously share their fake “works” with others!! They readily add your name to the list of the fake paper authors! (They bite you!, it reminds me of scary Zombies (3), "Academic Zombies"!) Unfortunately, they have few wrongful objectives. For instance, after a while, many academic staff become ‘abettor’ and so it is not possible to comply even if they witness an ethical problem.  This process, unfortunately, continues until most academic staff fall into the trap and after a while most colleagues are infected, even those who are in charge and, incidentally, do not have enough time to do research and being a part of other’s research would be very tempting!! Now, dishonest people can continue for many years in a safe margin. THIS MEANS “DISASTER”. In such an educational academic place, what should happen to young university students? They are at the beginning of a long way and have less knowledge about research ethics (4) and this could cause deviations from the right path. What are they supposed to do?! Even if they condemn this behavior, they would be just silent and it is not fair to expect them to complain. However, they are truly right to follow their leaders (supervisors)! This means that the new generation is also exposed to this infection after a short duration. This progressive epidemy has been a matter of concern in recent years (5). We need to do something urgently, otherwise, how could we compensate this tremendous damage? WOW!!}, Keywords = {No Keywords}, volume = {7}, Number = {3}, pages = {130-131}, publisher = {Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.29252/johe.7.3.130}, url = {http://johe.rums.ac.ir/article-1-335-en.html}, eprint = {http://johe.rums.ac.ir/article-1-335-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Occupational Health and Epidemiology}, issn = {2251-8096}, eissn = {2252-0902}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Honarvar, Zahra and Amiri, Fatemeh}, title = {Comparing some screening values of Pap test and visual inspection with acetic acid in the diagnosis of precancerous cervical lesions (2016-2017)}, abstract ={Background: Visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) is one of the several methods that can serve as an alternative to the Pap test for diagnosis of precancerous lesions in the cervix. This study aimed to compare the screening value of VIA and Pap test in such diagnosis. Materials and Methods: The population of this descriptive study was 304 women who attended Afzalipour Hospital in Kerman, Iran, from March 2016 to March 2017 that enrolled in the study by the convenience sampling method. Pap test and VIA were performed and followed by colposcopy. Data were analyzed using SPSS software, chi-square and Fisher's exact tests, logistic regression. Results: The result of Pap test in 136 (44.74%), VIA in 200 (65.79%), and colposcopy in 98 (32.24%) patients was positive. The sensitivity and specificity of VIA was 100% and 34.7%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of Pap test was 50.0% and 55.3%, respectively. In 93.5% of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 1 (CIN 1) cases and 100% of CIN 2 and CIN 3 cases, VIA results were true positive (P > 0.999), whereas in 44.2% of CIN 1 cases, 50% of CIN 2 cases, and 42.9% of CIN 3 cases, Pap test results were true positive (P = 0.923). Conclusions: The sensitivity of VIA and Pap test was reflected VIA ability to identify all cases of the disease, but the specificity of VIA was found to be only 34.7%, which means that it will cause additional costs by imposing supplementary tests on healthy individuals (false-positives).  }, Keywords = {Cervical Cancer,Colposcopy,Screening,Pap Test,Iran,}, volume = {7}, Number = {3}, pages = {132-138}, publisher = {Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.29252/johe.7.3.132}, url = {http://johe.rums.ac.ir/article-1-301-en.html}, eprint = {http://johe.rums.ac.ir/article-1-301-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Occupational Health and Epidemiology}, issn = {2251-8096}, eissn = {2252-0902}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Eslammanesh, Tahereh and Mohit, Zahra and Rezaeian, Mohsen and Amoozgar, Si}, title = {Factors associated with malignant skin tumors among patients referred to Ali-ibn Abi Talib Hospital, Rafsanjan, Iran, (2011-2013)}, abstract ={Background: Malignant skin tumors are of the most common types of cancers worldwide. Rafsanjan County, Iran, is geographically located in a warm and arid area. In addition, due to farming activity, a large population of this county is exposed to sunlight. The present study aimed at to determine factors associated with malignant skin tumors among patients referred to Ali-ibn Abi Talib Hospital, Rafsanjan, Iran, (2011-2013). Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, medical records and histologic slides of patients referring to the pathology department of Ali-ebn Abi Taleb hospital in Rafsanjan during the years 2011-2013, with a definitive diagnosis of malignant skin tumors, were extracted. The slides were reviewed to determine the subtypes of each tumor type. A researcher-made checklist including demographic characteristics, tumor type, and subtypes was completed, and the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: Of 70 patients, 69 patients had a single tumor and 1 patient had 2 skin lesions. There were 71 cases of malignant skin tumors, including 87.3%, 9.9%, and 2.8% cases of basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and melanoma, respectively. The ratio of men to women in total skin tumors was 1.7 to 1. 48.6% of patients consisted of farmers. The most frequent cites for BCC and SCC were head and neck with frequency of 96.8% and 85.7%, respectively, and for melanoma, lower limb with frequency of 100%, was the most frequent cite. Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that skin cancer was more common among older men and farmers. It is recommended that training and screening programs be carried out to reduce risk factors, and prevent and detect these tumor types, especially among at-risk groups.  }, Keywords = {Basal Cell Carcinoma,Squamous Cell Carcinoma,Melanoma,Iran,}, volume = {7}, Number = {3}, pages = {139-144}, publisher = {Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.29252/johe.7.3.139}, url = {http://johe.rums.ac.ir/article-1-198-en.html}, eprint = {http://johe.rums.ac.ir/article-1-198-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Occupational Health and Epidemiology}, issn = {2251-8096}, eissn = {2252-0902}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Khandan, Mohammad and Momenyan, Somayeh and Javadi, Faezeh and Allahdadi, Zahra and Koohpaei, Alireza and HosseiniTabar, Hossei}, title = {Assessing reliability and validity of the Work Design Questionnaire as a tool for macro ergonomics surveys: A case study in an Iranian worker population in 2016}, abstract ={Background: The imbalance between job demand and controls is associated with physical and mental disorders. The Work Design Questionnaire (WDQ) is one of the newest tools for macro-ergonomics evaluation of organizations and workplaces. In this research, the reliability and validity of the Persian WDQ (PWDQ) in the evaluation of occupational accident management and safety promotion in Persian-language organizations were studied. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was performed among 397 randomly selected workers in a glass manufacturing company in Saveh, Iran, in 2016. The questionnaire had 77 questions with four main factors. A demographic questionnaire was also employed. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to confirm the structure of factors in PWDQ. Data analyses were performed in SPSS software (independent t-test and Pearson's correlation test) and LISREL. Results: The mean total score of the questionnaire was equals to 253.44 ± 45.05. Reliability for all questions, based on Cronbach’s alpha value, was calculated at 0.94. The result of the validity tests also indicated suitable generalization of the PWDQ. Furthermore, fitness parameters were in acceptable ranges. Pearson's correlation test showed that all factors of social characteristics are significantly associated with occupational accident (P<0.05). Moreover, feedback from job factor was negatively correlated with accident. Conclusions: The PWDQ would be applicable as a valid and reliable tool for evaluating the work characteristics of Persian-language organizations and industries. In addition, it was found that using this tool based on the macro ergonomics principles is suitable for accidents control, safety promotion, cost management, and improvement of organizational efficiency/productivity.  }, Keywords = {Ergonomics,Occupational Accidents,Reliability,Validity,Work,}, volume = {7}, Number = {3}, pages = {145-152}, publisher = {Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.29252/johe.7.3.145}, url = {http://johe.rums.ac.ir/article-1-297-en.html}, eprint = {http://johe.rums.ac.ir/article-1-297-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Occupational Health and Epidemiology}, issn = {2251-8096}, eissn = {2252-0902}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Mirzabeigi, Mohammadreza and AghaMohammadHasani, Parvin and Sheikh-Fathollahi, Mahmood and Mokhtaree, Mohammadrez}, title = {Correlation between occupational burnout and personality dimensions among physicians working in hospitals of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Iran, 2016}, abstract ={Background: Occupational burnout is an emotional response to chronic occupational stress. The aim of this study was determine the rate of occupational burnout among physicians working in Rafsanjan University hospitals Rafsanjan, Iran, and its correlation with personality dimensions:  2016. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive and correlational study, 161 physicians were recruited using the census method. After obtaining informed consent, respondents filled in the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI-R) and Maslach Burnout Inventory. Data were analyzed using independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and multiple linear regression. Results: Gender, age, and working experience did not have a significant association with occupational burnout (P > 0.050). Moreover, 16 (9.9%), 139 (86.3%), and 6 (3.7%) of the physicians had low, moderate, and high occupational burnout, respectively. The mean score of emotional fatigue of women (P = 0.015) and individuals aged 35-50 years (P = 0.400) was higher. The association of job burnout was significant and inverse with all dimensions of personality and significant with the personality dimension of neuroticism (P < 0.001). Regression analysis indicated that 23.8% of occupational burnout was predictable by the personality dimension of extroversion [P = 0.021]. Conclusions: Ninety percent of the physicians had moderate to severe occupational burnout that was related to some personality dimensions. Since doctors play an important role in promoting community health, it seems necessary that trustee organizations, while investigating the factors affecting occupational burnout and trying to improve the status quo, use personality assessment as part of the appointment and organization process.  }, Keywords = {Occupational Burnout,Personality,Physician,Iran,}, volume = {7}, Number = {3}, pages = {153-159}, publisher = {Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.29252/johe.7.3.153}, url = {http://johe.rums.ac.ir/article-1-291-en.html}, eprint = {http://johe.rums.ac.ir/article-1-291-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Occupational Health and Epidemiology}, issn = {2251-8096}, eissn = {2252-0902}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {SadriDamirchi, Esmaeil and Karimianpour, Ghaffar and Kiani, Arefe}, title = {The association between occupational ethics and job engagement with the mediating role of career adaptability among employees of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Iran (2017-2018)}, abstract ={Background: This study investigated the association between occupational ethics and job engagement with the mediating role of career adaptability among employees of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran, in 2017-2018 academic years. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive and correlational study. The statistical population of the study consisted of all employees of Ardebil University of Medical Sciences (300 people), of which 160 employees were selected by simple random sampling method. Work ethics, job engagement questionnaire, and career adapt-abilities scale were used for data collection. Pearson’s correlation coefficient and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test were used by SPSS software, and Lisrel software was also applied to examine the appropriateness of conceptual model of research. Results: Based on our findings, the direct effect of work ethics on job engagement was significant (P < 0.05) with beta 0.41, on career adaptability with beta 0.30, and also the career adaptability showed a direct effect on job engagement with beta 0.24. The mediating role of the career adaptability in the association between work ethics and job engagement was statistically significant with the beta 0.07 (P < 0.05(. Conclusions: we concluded that work ethics and career adaptability are significant variables in association with job engagement in Ardabil medical university employees, and it might be taken into consideration among managers.  }, Keywords = {Employees,Job,Engagement,Ethics,Iran,}, volume = {7}, Number = {3}, pages = {160-166}, publisher = {Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.29252/johe.7.3.160}, url = {http://johe.rums.ac.ir/article-1-303-en.html}, eprint = {http://johe.rums.ac.ir/article-1-303-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Occupational Health and Epidemiology}, issn = {2251-8096}, eissn = {2252-0902}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {FasihRamandi, Fatemeh}, title = {Study of low back pain intensity and disability index among manual material handling workers of a tile and ceramic industrial unit, Iran (2016)}, abstract ={Background: The revised National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) lifting equation (RNLE) is commonly used for risk assessment of manual handling, and can estimate low back pain (LBP) biomechanical stressors of lifting and/or lowering of loads. The aim of this study was to evaluate manual material handling by using the RNLE, LBP, and LBP disability index (LBPDI) among workers in a tile and ceramic industrial unit in Tehran, Iran. Materials and Methods: A sample of 30 workers (manual workers) in a tile and ceramic production line was recruited. Low back pain prevalence and disability index were measured using body map questionnaire combined with visual analog scale and self-report Oswestry disability index (ODI), respectively. Statistical data analysis was done using SPSS software, version 22. Results: According to results, composite lifting index was 14.77. Low back pain prevalence among workers was reported equal to 100%; also, Low back pain intensity was equal to 68.8 ± 17.8. The mean of Low back pain disability index among workers has been reported equal to 41.3 ± 17.1 (severe crippled). Conclusions: The results show that composite lifting index value for these jobs exceeded 3, which means that there is a significant level of physical stress associated with these jobs for nearly all workers. Both strength and endurance for this job are high; therefore, job redesigning could decrease the physical demands, Low back pain prevalence, and Disability index, through modifying the job layout and work stations.  }, Keywords = {Low Back Pain,Workers,Iran,}, volume = {7}, Number = {3}, pages = {167-173}, publisher = {Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.29252/johe.7.3.167}, url = {http://johe.rums.ac.ir/article-1-315-en.html}, eprint = {http://johe.rums.ac.ir/article-1-315-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Occupational Health and Epidemiology}, issn = {2251-8096}, eissn = {2252-0902}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Hemmati, Amir and Talebi, Behnam and Yari, Jahangir and Hassani, Mohamm}, title = {Occupational and organizational consequences of perception of perceived organizational justice and support among faculty members in West Azerbaijan Province, Iran, in 2017}, abstract ={Background: Since human resources is the most important asset of each organization, and its effective management is the key to the success of organization, this study aimed to investigate the occupational and organizational consequences of perception of perceived organizational justice and support among faculty members of Islamic Azad University in West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, among 747 faculty members, 300 were selected through proportionate stratified random sampling method using Morgan table. The collected data were analyzed using path analysis and structural equation modeling methods. Results: Organizational support and perception of organizational justice had, respectively, a direct and significant association with organizational citizenship behavior (β = 0.25, T = 4.70) (β = 0.24, T = 4.62), job satisfaction (β = 0.29, T = 5.71) (β = 0.31, T = 5.64), job performance (β = 0.22, T = 4.30) (β = 0.31, T = 5.98), organizational commitment (β = 0.21, T = 3.91) (β = 0.20, T = 3.74), and an inverse significant association with turnover intention (β = -0.21, T = -3.85) (β = -0.16, T = -3.03) and absenteeism (β = -0.99, T = -3.63) (β = -0.21, T = -3.90). Conclusions: Based on the findings, it can be concluded that any increase in perceived organizational support and perception of organizational justice leads to an increase in organizational behavior, job satisfaction, job performance, and organizational commitment, as well as reduction in turnover intention and absenteeism among faculty members.  }, Keywords = {Perception,Job Satisfaction,Job Performance,Iran,}, volume = {7}, Number = {3}, pages = {174-184}, publisher = {Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.29252/johe.7.3.174}, url = {http://johe.rums.ac.ir/article-1-296-en.html}, eprint = {http://johe.rums.ac.ir/article-1-296-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Occupational Health and Epidemiology}, issn = {2251-8096}, eissn = {2252-0902}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {FerreiradeCampos, Roger Francisco}, title = {Diagnosis of the noise emission in a plastic recycling plant located in the municipality of Caçador, Santa Catarina, Brazil}, abstract ={Background: With industrial development, many production processes emit high levels of noise, presenting problems for society. This emission causes an environmental impact on employees and also on the surrounding environment. Materials and Methods: The present study was performed with the objective of analyzing the noise emission in a plastic recycling plant in the municipality of Caçador, Santa Catarina (SC), Brazil, with the perspective of the environmental suitability with the regulatory environmental agencies. Results: According to the relevant legislation, the plant had significant noise emission levels, reaching 98 A-weighted decibels [dB (A)], since NBR 10151/2000has permitted the emission of 70 dB (A) for industrial areas. Conclusions: Thus, the plant under study needs to seek for ways to reduce its noise emission in its production process; this issue can be attributed to the isolation of the washing process, as the centrifuges in this process are responsible for generation of main part of the noise. Regarding the occupational hygiene process, the plant needs the distribution of ear protectors due to the emission of noise, seeking the best quality of work for its employees.  }, Keywords = {Noise Pollution,Compliance,Environmental}, volume = {7}, Number = {3}, pages = {185-191}, publisher = {Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.29252/johe.7.3.185}, url = {http://johe.rums.ac.ir/article-1-259-en.html}, eprint = {http://johe.rums.ac.ir/article-1-259-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Occupational Health and Epidemiology}, issn = {2251-8096}, eissn = {2252-0902}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Rostami, Mehran and Nazparvar, Bashir and Rezaeian, Shahab}, title = {Differences among official statistics of mortality rates in Iran}, abstract ={Dear Editor, Death indicators and causes of death are both closely associated with socio-cultural, economic, and structural factors and determinants of health, with all of which being at the core of the planning, monitoring, and assessment of intervention programs in any healthcare system (1). In Iran, the diagnosis and official registration of deaths are carried out by two independent organizations. These two organizations are medical universities, which are under the supervision of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MoHME), and the Forensic Medicine Organization (FMO), which is under the supervision of the Judiciary. The death registration system (DRS) managed by the MoHME suffers from several shortcomings, including inconsistency in DRS administration, the duplicate recording and misclassification of deaths, geographical misalignment, the incompleteness of records, and missing values (2). Given the shortcomings mentioned, the inaccuracy and duplication of the official statistics of the mortality rate throughout the country are probable on the part of different official sources. In this review, an outline of some of the cases with considerable differences between the mortality statistics registered by the MoHME and by the FMO has been presented. Because of the importance of death events and the respective consequences, the legislator has assigned tasks, such as the issuance of death certificates and the determining of the causes of some deaths, to the FMO, under the following conditions: For all cases mentioned in Table 1, a death certificate will be issued by a forensic physician. For the cases of death that occur less than 24 hours after the admission of the patient to the hospital, the forensic physician issues a death certificate. For the cases of death occurring more than 24 hours after the admission of the patient to the hospital, the hospital physician issues a death certificate after consulting with the forensic physician. The Cemetery Organization shall only accept the certificates issued, signed, and sealed by hospital physicians or forensic physicians and shall refrain from accepting other certificates. Regarding the deaths occurring outside hospitals and health centers, especially in remote rural areas, verbal autopsy questionnaires are used in order to improve the quality of information about the causes of deaths, being performed by physicians (1, 3). In such cases, hospital physicians are not authorized to issue death certificates, since it can lead to incompatibility between the two official datasets. The possible solution to the problem could be establishing an effective and accurate relationship between the MoHME’s dataset and that of the FMO. In fact, based on the instructions of the Judicial System of Iran, the causes of deaths must be written in Persian on the death certificate issued by the forensic physicians; codes or English words not allowed to be written. In other words, the causes of deaths cannot be written in abbreviated forms by forensic physicians (4). To improve this relationship, closer cooperation between provincial health administrations and provincial forensic medicine centers is required so as to update and correct death statistics to address the underestimations of the mortality data. In addition, there is a need for organizing a technical team from the two above-mentioned organizations to check the statements related to the causes of deaths on death certificates against the ICD-10 codes for higher accuracy. Another possible solution could be the use of the FMO’s data in cases where the researcher intends to study the deaths whose certificates are issued by the FMO. This solution prevents the underestimation of the cases of deaths, however, researchers’ authority is limited in this case in terms of the variety of deaths. However, death registration by the FMO’s dataset does not provide full coverage of the deaths throughout the country (1).}, Keywords = {No Keywords --------------}, volume = {7}, Number = {4}, pages = {192-193}, publisher = {Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.29252/johe.7.4.192}, url = {http://johe.rums.ac.ir/article-1-330-en.html}, eprint = {http://johe.rums.ac.ir/article-1-330-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Occupational Health and Epidemiology}, issn = {2251-8096}, eissn = {2252-0902}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Mousavi, Sara and Rajabi, Soran and Ebadi, Zahra and Mashalpoorefard, Marzieh}, title = {Comparing trait-state anxiety as well as positive and negative affect among obese and normal women (Ahvaz city, Iran, 2017)}, abstract ={Background: Obesity leads to a wide range of problems. Hence, this research was conducted to compare the trait-state anxiety as well as positive and negative affect in obese and normal women. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was performed in eight sports clubs within the time period of 2017 to 2018 in Ahvaz. To do this, a sample of 200 women, who referred to sports clubs was selected by the convenience sampling method. The tools included the positive and negative affect scale and the Spielberg’s state-trait anxiety inventory. The data were analyzed using SPSS (Version 23), the multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA), and the Pearson's correlation coefficient. Results: According to the results, the multivariate analysis of variance at the level of P<0.001 showed that there was a significant difference between the mean scores of the obese and normal women. The difference was in terms of trait anxiety (normal, 39.27±9.23; obese, 46.73±8.73), state anxiety (normal, 38.20±8.62; obese, 47.07±8.01), positive affect (normal, 42.15±6.12; obese, 38.40±7.69), and negative affect (normal, 23.35±5.98; obese, 30.12±7.04). Conclusion: In this study, the data analysis showed that negative affect and positive affect were different in the two groups. Moreover, the obese women had a higher negative attitude than the normal women. In addition, the results demonstrated that trait-state anxiety was different in obese and normal individuals. Our results indicate that obese people are more anxious than normal people.  }, Keywords = {Obesity,Emotions,Anxiety,Affect,Women,Depression,}, volume = {7}, Number = {4}, pages = {194-200}, publisher = {Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.29252/johe.7.4.194}, url = {http://johe.rums.ac.ir/article-1-306-en.html}, eprint = {http://johe.rums.ac.ir/article-1-306-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Occupational Health and Epidemiology}, issn = {2251-8096}, eissn = {2252-0902}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Taherifard, Alireza and Ahmadinia, Hassan and Vazirinejad, Reza and Javadi, Zahra and Tabatabaei, Seyed Zia and Rezaeian, Mohse}, title = {A study of people who attempted suicide referred to the emergency ward of Ali Ibn Abi Taleb hospital, Rafsanjan, Iran (2016)}, abstract ={Background: Suicide attempts, being considered from among psychiatric emergencies, are under the category of social and health problems that affect the individual, the family, and even the community. This study was conducted to determine the characteristics of people who attempted suicide referred to the emergency ward of Ali Ibn Abi Taleb hospital in the city of Rafsanjan, Iran in 2016. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted using a census on 347 individuals who had attempted to suicide and were referred to the emergency ward of Ali Ibn Abi Taleb hospital in the city of Rafsanjan, in 2016. Data collection was conducted on a monthly basis using the checklist of the suicide prevention plan provided to the emergency wards by the health department. The data were analyzed using SPSS and Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests were applied. Results: 347 cases of suicide attempts were occurred, with three cases (0.9%) leading to death. The mean age of the individuals who attempted suicide was 26.15 years, with the standard deviation of 8.81 years. Among those individuals, 268 individuals (77.2%) had attempted suicide only once, 54 individuals (13%) twice. About 190 individuals (54.8%) were women, and 138 individuals (73.4%) carried out suicide using drugs. Conclusion: It can be concluded that considering the easy access of the people to drugs, the most prevalent method of suicide was using drugs. Besides, having the highest percentage of suicide, women are leading in suicide attempts.  }, Keywords = {Suicide Attempted,Epidemiology,Suicide,Iran,}, volume = {7}, Number = {4}, pages = {201-208}, publisher = {Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.29252/johe.7.4.201}, url = {http://johe.rums.ac.ir/article-1-312-en.html}, eprint = {http://johe.rums.ac.ir/article-1-312-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Occupational Health and Epidemiology}, issn = {2251-8096}, eissn = {2252-0902}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Vazirinejad, Rez}, title = {Making a more comprehensive Persian version of the Impact on Participation and Autonomy (IPA-p) scale; The Perspectives of Experts and MS patients}, abstract ={Background: After all efforts made to introduce a valid and reliable tool for measuring the health of patients, such as MS sufferers, the concept of “participation and autonomy”, which might be affected by the disease, has been introduced. An efficient health measurement should consider all different aspects of a patient’s life. This research was conducted aimed at introducing a new aspect of the individual’s life that seems necessary to be added to the health measurement scale of Persian-speaking MS patients. Materials and methods: In a comprehensive study, 10 specialists and 360 MS patients were recruited to help measure the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the impact on participation and autonomy (IPA) scale. More details are provided in the published paper. An important section of the findings derived from the data collected from experts and patients has been presented in this paper. Results: Further to the previous reports, the results showed that about 70% of the experts and 80% of the patients who responded to the relevant items stated that some questions should be added to the scale about the patients’ ability to do their religious affairs.  Conclusion: Based on what the experts (specialists) and respondents (MS patients) stated, it seems that at least a religious domain must be added to the Persian version of the IPA (IPA-p) scale if a more comprehensive IPA scale is required to be developed for the use among Persian-speaking patients.}, Keywords = {Quality of Life,MS (Multiple Sclerosis),Patients,}, volume = {7}, Number = {4}, pages = {209-212}, publisher = {Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.29252/johe.7.4.209}, url = {http://johe.rums.ac.ir/article-1-323-en.html}, eprint = {http://johe.rums.ac.ir/article-1-323-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Occupational Health and Epidemiology}, issn = {2251-8096}, eissn = {2252-0902}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Karimi, Nahid and Naziry, Ghasem}, title = {Predicting the rate of cigarette smoking based on resilience and cognitive emotion regulation in the non-clinical population of Shiraz, Iran, 2016}, abstract ={Background: Cigarette smoking is considered a public health problem. Much research has been conducted on smoking and respective factors, but little research has addressed the prediction of the smoking rate based on various psychological variables. The present study was conducted aimed at predicting the smoking rate in the non-clinical population of Shiraz, Iran, in 2016, based on resilience and cognitive emotion regulation. Materials and methods: In the present descriptive study, 250 female and male smokers of the non-clinical population of Shiraz, Iran, in 2016, were selected through random sampling. The research instruments included a demographic scale and smoking patterns, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), and the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Scale. The obtained data were analyzed by the Pearson correlation and linear regression, using SPSS (Version 20(. Results: The results showed a negative correlation between the subscales of resilience and cognitive emotion regulation, age, and education with the cigarette smoking rate (P<0.01). In addition, the values of R and R2 were 0.39 and 0.15, respectively. The daily smoking rates can be predictable with resiliency, cognitive-emotional regulation sub-scales, age, and education variables (0/015). Conclusion: Some psychological variables, such as resilience and cognitive emotion regulation probably affect the tendency to cigarette smoking, so considering these variables could be efficient in the interventions for preventing and stopping cigarette smoking.  }, Keywords = {Tobacco Smoking,Smoking,Resilience,Emotion,Cognitive,Iran,}, volume = {7}, Number = {4}, pages = {213-221}, publisher = {Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.29252/johe.7.4.213}, url = {http://johe.rums.ac.ir/article-1-305-en.html}, eprint = {http://johe.rums.ac.ir/article-1-305-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Occupational Health and Epidemiology}, issn = {2251-8096}, eissn = {2252-0902}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Abedi, Mahbobbeh and Ghanbary, Aioob and Habibi, Ehsanollah and Palyzban, Feizollah and Ghasemi, Hamed and Hasani2, Ali Abbas}, title = {Back Compressive Force (BCF) assessment using UTAH method in manual handling tasks among workers of a chemical manufacturing company}, abstract ={Background: Job back pain is of the most common occupational injuries in the world that affects people's physical and mental health. The purpose of this study was to assess back compressive force (BCF) in manual handling tasks among workers of a chemical manufacturing company using the UTAH method. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was carried out on a group of 35 workers doing manual handling tasks in a chemical factory that were selected through simple random sampling in April and May 2018. The data collected by UTAH method and Cornell questionnaire, were analyzed in SPSS 19. Descriptive and inferential statistics methods including analysis of variance (ANOVA) were applied. Results: The average BCF value calculated using the UTAH method showed that the load pressure on back for the jobs of repair unit (400 kg), discharge and loading unit (460 kg), and warehouse unit (370 kg) exceeded the standard limits. Moreover, the results of the Cornell questionnaire indicated that 68 percent (N = 24) of the workers in the mentioned occupations were suffering from lower back pain. Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that the UTAH method is useful for estimating the BCF in manual handling tasks. Interventions should be conducted and measures should be taken to reduce these disorders.  }, Keywords = {Disease,Back Pain,Chemical,}, volume = {7}, Number = {4}, pages = {222-226}, publisher = {Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.29252/johe.7.4.222}, url = {http://johe.rums.ac.ir/article-1-320-en.html}, eprint = {http://johe.rums.ac.ir/article-1-320-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Occupational Health and Epidemiology}, issn = {2251-8096}, eissn = {2252-0902}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Shikhakbari, Zahra and Ziaadini, Moham}, title = {The mediator role of social phobia in the association between resiliency and job performance among nurses of Ali Ibn Abi Taleb hospital of Rafsanjan, Iran (2017)}, abstract ={Background: Due to its professional nature, nursing is a very difficult, stressful, and phobia-orienting occupation. Social phobia, after depression, is the most important mental problem in today's world, and it affects the quality of life of nurses. The present study was conducted to determine the mediator role of social phobia in the association between resiliency and job performance among nurses of Ali Ibn Abi Taleb hospital of Rafsanjan in 2017. Materials and Methods: The present study is a descriptive and an applied study. According to Cochran formula, 174 nurses were selected by random sampling method; three standardized questionnaires (resiliency, job performance and social phobia), all of which had acceptable validity and reliability, were used to collect required data. Structural equation modeling of minimum squares method, Smart PLS and SPSS (version 20) were used to analyze the data. Results: Results showed that resilience had a significant effect on job performance (p <0.05), however, the effect of social phobia on job performance was not significant. Therefore, social phobia does not mediate the association between resilience and job performance. Conclusion: Resilience could lead to a significant decrease in social phobia; on the other hand, it increases job performance. Therefore, it seems that strengthening different psychological aspects in nurses, such as flexibility and controlling social phobia, helps their lives in the workplace and increases job performance.}, Keywords = {Resilience,Social Phobia,Job Performance,Nurses,Iran,}, volume = {7}, Number = {4}, pages = {227-232}, publisher = {Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.29252/johe.7.4.227}, url = {http://johe.rums.ac.ir/article-1-287-en.html}, eprint = {http://johe.rums.ac.ir/article-1-287-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Occupational Health and Epidemiology}, issn = {2251-8096}, eissn = {2252-0902}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Akhondipour, Majid and FaghihiZarandi, Ali and Amirri, Asghar and Gommnami, Nasser and Vazirinejad, Rez}, title = {Studying the toxicity of molybdenum trioxide nanoparticles in male Wister rats}, abstract ={Background: With the spread of nanotechnology, various nanoparticles with new and emerging properties have been produced and the potential toxic effects of the majority of these particles remains still unknown. The present study was conducted to determine the toxicity of Molybdenum Trioxide nanoparticles in blood and body tissues of male Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: Thirty Wistar rats with an average weight of 200±10 g were included in the present experimental study; the rats were divided into three groups of control, low dose intervention and high dose intervention. Nano-trioxide molybdenum was injected at 5 and 10 mg/kg body weight for 28 days; then, blood samples and rats organs were collected to measure the molybdenum content. Molybdenum concentration was measured by atomic absorption method. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS (Version 20) and appropriate statistical methods including one-way ANOVA were used in order to compare the mean of blood variables among the groups. Results: The results showed that decreasing hematocrit (p <0.001), hemoglobin (p <0.001), and red and white blood cells (p <0.01) in rates receiving 10 mg of Molybdenum trioxide nanoparticles was significantly higher than that among rates in the other two groups. The mean degradation of molybdenum trioxide nanoparticles in the liver and kidneys was significantly higher than the heart and stomach (p <0.05). Conclusion: The results of the study showed that molybdenum trioxide nanoparticles at high concentrations had a more toxic effect on blood and serum parameters in comparison with the low concentrations.}, Keywords = {Toxicity,Nanoparticles,Molybdenum Trioxide,Wistar Rats,}, volume = {7}, Number = {4}, pages = {233-239}, publisher = {Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.29252/johe.7.4.233}, url = {http://johe.rums.ac.ir/article-1-290-en.html}, eprint = {http://johe.rums.ac.ir/article-1-290-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Occupational Health and Epidemiology}, issn = {2251-8096}, eissn = {2252-0902}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Singh, Zorawar}, title = {Comet assay as a sensitive technique in occupational health studies; A literature review}, abstract ={Background: Occupational health is a sensitive field in many countries where occupational exposure needs attention due to the lack of awareness. Several businesses, including leather, textile, iron, steel, and dyeing industries use a variety of mutagenic and genotoxic chemicals. Exposure to these chemicals may pose serious health risks, including genetic damage to workers. Comet assay is a technique that has been extensively used in assessing DNA damage in such workers. Materials and methods: The literature search was done using PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Some studies were found reporting the use of comet assay as a sensitive and useful technique in assessing genetic damage in occupationally exposed workers. These studies have been presented in this paper to emphasize the importance and propriety of comet assay in assessing the genetic impact of hazardous exposures. Result: Having gone through the available reports, the author of this paper found comet assay as a useful biotechnological technique in the field of occupational biomonitoring. This technique is a sensitive and cheap method for assessing genotoxicity. Conclusion: Comet assay can be used as a reliable technique to quantify the impact of genotoxicants in the form of DNA damage at a single-cell level. This assay can be considered as a sensitive parameter whenever health assessment studies are to be designed.  }, Keywords = {Comet Assay,DNA Damage,Occupational Health,Genotoxicity,Exposure,Health,}, volume = {7}, Number = {4}, pages = {240-245}, publisher = {Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.29252/johe.7.4.240}, url = {http://johe.rums.ac.ir/article-1-322-en.html}, eprint = {http://johe.rums.ac.ir/article-1-322-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Occupational Health and Epidemiology}, issn = {2251-8096}, eissn = {2252-0902}, year = {2018} }