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Risk factors of the musculoskeletal and joint pains among employees who work with computer in Rafsanjan city in the years 2012-13
D Shahimoradi , R Vazirinejad,
Volume 2, Issue 1 (1-2013)
Abstract

Background: Today application of computer in the life of people is very common and those who work with computer in especially long – term are faced with musculoskeletal pains. The aim of this study was to investigate risk factors of musculoskeletal and Joint pains among computer users in Rafsanjan city in the years 2012-13.

Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, 420 computer users were recruited in Rafsanjan city between 18 April 2012 and 19 January 2013. The data were collected by a checklist, in face to face interview sessions. Data were analyzed in SPSS and parametric and nonparametric tests were used where appropriate.

Results: Cervical pain was associated with position of desk, chair and keyboard. There were significant association between shoulder pain and position of the keyboard, low back pain and chair position, carpal tunnel syndrome and mouse usage. The prevalence of cervical pain, shoulder pain, arm pain, wrist pain, hand pain, low back pain, elbow pain, back pain, and carpal tunnel syndrome, among respondents were 38.3%, 38.3%, 27.1%, 21.2%, 18.8%, 24.5%, 15.7%, 26.4% and 21.2%, respectively. In this study, there was significant association between exercise and all variables of carpal tunnel syndrome, elbow pain, back pain, low back pain and shoulder pain.

Conclusions: It can be concluded that prevalence of musculoskeletal pain in computer users in our study were very common. Improving the position of desk, chair, mouse and keyboard could help with reducing cervical pain, shoulder pain, back pain, low back pain and carpal tunnel syndrome.
Workload, occupational stress, and general health of female employees of public welfare centers
Mh Beheshti, R Hajizadeh,
Volume 2, Issue 4 (10-2013)
Abstract

  Background: The employees of welfare centers, due to the special conditions of their work, may be exposed to excessive occupational stress and workload . Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of workload and occupational stress on the general health of female employees of public welfare centers.

  Materials and Methods: This was a correlational research on 63 female employees of 3 welfare centers. The data were collected using the Occupational Stress Inventory (OSI), NASA Task Load Index (NASA-TLX), and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). Data analysis was conducted using SPSS software by computing the Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients and the stepwise regression.

  Results: The general health score of 66% of staff of the welfare centers was higher than the cutoff point, as limit determinant of health and non-health. Among the different dimensions of general health, social disorders obtained the highest score 74% of staff had social problems. The workload score of 12% of women was higher than 70 (high workload) and the workload score of 71.42% of women was between 40 and 70 (intermediate). Mean score of General Health Care of mentally ill disabled, and elderly employees was, respectively, 21.12, 27.21, and 24.90. The Occupational Stress Inventory score of the study population was 151.04, indicating that welfare employees were not exposed to high rates of stress in their work environment.

  Conclusions: The results of the study suggest that authorities should pay special attention to ergonomics factors affecting the general health of welfare employees, especially with respect to social disorders. Moreover, personality traits should also be considered in employing of individuals.


The role of safety management system in safety culture in an oil and gas exploration and production company in Asalouyeh, Bushehr Province, Iran, in 2015
Sa Afroghi , R Mirzaei , M Nasrabadi ,
Volume 3, Issue 2 (4-2014)
Abstract

Background: One of the necessities of industrial societies is the application of developed measures/strategies for the prevention of occupational incidents in industrial companies. The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the role of the safety management system on safety culture of an oil and gas exploration and production company.

Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 240 participants, chosen through simple random sampling, based on the research goals, statistical society size, and the Krejcie and Morgan table. For data collection, the Safety Management System Questionnaire, with a Cronbach’s &alpha of 0.96, and the Safety Culture Questionnaire, with a Cronbach’s&alpha of 0.91, were utilized after determining their validity. The gathered data were analyzed using SPSS and LISREL softwares.

Results: First level confirmatory factor analysis was performed with the use of LISREL package on 5 factors of encouraging/motivating employees to observe safety tips, educating employees on safety tips, safety policies in organizations, safety control in organizations, and urgent planning in organizations. The results showed that all the indices on obtained values were very desirable. In addition, the results of this research indicated that there was a statistically positive, meaningful relationship between the variable of safety management system and its components (i.e., safety policies, employees’ motivators, safety education, urgent prevention plans, and internal control), and safety culture (P<0.01). High education levels of the employees had meaningful impacts on the safety management system (P<0.01).However, there was no statistically significant relationship between the education level and occupational background of the employees and the company’s safety culture (P>0.05).

Conclusions: The results of the present paper proved that the safety management system and its components play an important role in the development of the safety culture of an oil company. Therefore, notifying the related authorities of this fact in order to establish a safety management system is a vital issue.


The mediating role of psychological capital on the relationship between spiritual intelligence and job burnout
M Moradi, E Sadri Damirchi , K Khazan , Sh Dargahi ,
Volume 6, Issue 2 (4-2017)
Abstract
Background: Job burnout in an organization is mainly negatively related to important institutional and individual consequences. The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of psychological capital on the relationship between spiritual intelligence and job burnout among the employees.
Materials and Methods: This study was descriptive and correlational. Community consisted of all employees of the University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran in 2017 of which 183 were selected through convenient sampling. The King’s Spiritual Intelligence Self-Report Inventory, the Luthans’s Psychological Capital Questionnaire, and the Maslach Burnout Inventory were used to collect the data. The content validity of the instruments was approved and their reliability was reported 0.89, 0.85, and 0.76, respectively. The data were analyzed using Pearson correlation, regression and the structural equation modeling.
Results: There was a significant negative relationship between spiritual intelligence and job burnout (R = -0.37, P < 0.01). Moreover, a significant negative relationship was observed between psychological capital and job burnout among the staff (R = -0.34, P < 0.01). Ultimately, the results revealed that spiritual intelligence could affect job burnout among the employees through psychological capital.
Conclusions: Spiritual intelligence directly and psychological capital as a mediator reduce job burn out. Therefore amplification of different psychological aspects among employers such as spiritual intelligence and specifically psychological capital would help their liveliness at work place and reduction of job burnout.

An investigation of cognitive failures and its related factors in industry employees in Qom Province, Iran, in 2016
M Mahdinia , M Mirzaei Aliabadi, E Darvishi , A Mohammadbeigi , A Sadeghi , H Fallah ,
Volume 6, Issue 3 (7-2017)
Abstract
Background: Cognitive failure is mental lapses in perception, attention, memory, and action. It occurs during routine tasks that one would usually have no difficulty in successfully completing. Cognitive performance is influenced by conditions and some individual and job characteristics and the identification of factors that affect human performance is essential to prevent human error. The purpose of this study was to evaluate cognitive failures and identify individual and job related factors in industry employees.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 173 employees of an industry in Qom Province in Central Iran in 2016. The demographic information were collected via interviews and related questionnaires. Moreover, cognitive failures were assessed using the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (CFQ). Data analysis was performed using factor analysis, t-test, Pearson correlation, and multiple linear regressions.
Results: Factor analysis showed that cognitive failures have three domains (memory, attention, and action). Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the whole questionnaire was 0.89. The mean ± SD score of cognitive failures in the study group was 1.07 ± 0.55. The statistical analysis of the data revealed that there was a significant correlation between smoking, chronic disease, and work experience and cognitive failures (P < 0.05).
Conclusions: Cognitive failures have a multi-dimensional structure and these dimensions have an integral relationship. It seems that chronic disease, smoking, and work experience cause an increase in the risk of cognitive failures, but this issue requires further and more comprehensive studies.

Hospital information system and working process of both managers and network users in Ali ibn Abi Talib Hospital of Rafsanjan, Iran
Masoud Iranpour, Adel Soleimani Nejad, Fariborz Doroudi**, Zahra Saeedifard, Hassan Alinezhad, Mohammad Ziaadini,
Volume 7, Issue 1 (1-2018)
Abstract
Background: The present study was conducted with the aim to determine the effect of hospital information system (HIS) on the performance and working process of managers and network users of Ali ibn Abi Tileb Hospital of Rafsanjan, Iran.
Materials and Methods: This research was conducted on employees of Ali ibn Abi Talib Hospital in Rafsanjan (n = 650 individuals). The study sample volume was determined using the Cochran formula (n = 250 subjects). In this research, stratified random sampling method was used in proportion to the size of the sample. In the present research, the data collection tool was a valid questionnaire, with a Cronbach's alpha value of greater than 0.7. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software.
Results: Based on the results obtained for the discipline component, the P value was less than 0.05. The mean score in the one-sample test was larger than the mean average limit, and the HIS had a positive effect on discipline in the performance of managers and users (P < 0.05).
Conclusions: Due to the importance of the HIS knowledge, one can increase the performance of users and also facilitate the admission and discharge affairs of patients, and hence, achieve the desired state, which is the patient's satisfaction.

The association between occupational ethics and job engagement with the mediating role of career adaptability among employees of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Iran (2017-2018)
Esmaeil Sadri Damirchi, Ghaffar Karimianpour, Arefe Kiani,
Volume 7, Issue 3 (7-2018)
Abstract
Background: This study investigated the association between occupational ethics and job engagement with the mediating role of career adaptability among employees of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran, in 2017-2018 academic years.
Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive and correlational study. The statistical population of the study consisted of all employees of Ardebil University of Medical Sciences (300 people), of which 160 employees were selected by simple random sampling method. Work ethics, job engagement questionnaire, and career adapt-abilities scale were used for data collection. Pearson’s correlation coefficient and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test were used by SPSS software, and Lisrel software was also applied to examine the appropriateness of conceptual model of research.
Results: Based on our findings, the direct effect of work ethics on job engagement was significant (P < 0.05) with beta 0.41, on career adaptability with beta 0.30, and also the career adaptability showed a direct effect on job engagement with beta 0.24. The mediating role of the career adaptability in the association between work ethics and job engagement was statistically significant with the beta 0.07 (P < 0.05(.
Conclusions: we concluded that work ethics and career adaptability are significant variables in association with job engagement in Ardabil medical university employees, and it might be taken into consideration among managers.
 

The Mediator Role of Procrastination in the association between Job Characteristics and Job Stress among Employees of Shahid Rajaee Customs Office, Bandar Abbas, Iran (2017)
Mohamad Ziaaddini, Hasan Alinezhad,
Volume 8, Issue 4 (9-2019)
Abstract

Background: This study aimed to examine the association between job characteristics and procrastination with the mediating role of job stress among the official staff of Shahid Rajaee Customs Office, Bandar Abbas, Iran, 2017.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive research is a pathway analysis. The statistical population included all staff members (n=650) at Shahid Rajaee Customs Office. Based on the Guernsey and Morgan’s table, 242 staff were selected as the samples through random sampling. To collect data, we employed three questionnaires, including job characteristics, job stress, and procrastination questionnaires. The content validity of the instruments was approved. In addition, reliability was reported at 0.78, 0.79, and 0.86 for the abovementioned questionnaires, respectively. The data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient and regression. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS Statistics software V.21.0.
Results: A significant association was observed between job characteristics and procrastination (r = -0.420, P < 0.01). Moreover, a significant negative association was found between job stress and procrastination in the staff (r = 0.538, P < 0.01). According to the results of the present research, job stress could mediate the association between job characteristics and procrastination.
Conclusion: According to the importance job characteristics theory, it could be used in decreasing job stress in organizations.


An Evaluation of the Health-Promoting Lifestyle and Quality of Life among Turkish Workers, 2017
Ozlem Terzi, Ozge Karasu, H.nilden Arslan,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (1-2020)
Abstract

Background: The examination of workers’ health behaviors and their quality of life, as well as providing support in missing areas are important in terms of both occupational health and community health. This study aims to assess workers’ quality of life and health-promoting lifestyle in a workplace in 2017 and to determine their relationship with some socio-demographic characteristics.
Material and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted from January to March 2017 in Samsun province. A total of 151 workers participated in the study. The data were collected using a questionnaire on workers’ socio-demographic characteristics, Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II (HPLP II), and Short Form-36 Quality of Life Scale (SF-36). The mean values were compared using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. The correlation was evaluated using Spearman’s correlation analysis. In addition, p-value 0<0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: The workers had an average of 132.48±23.65 points on the HPL profile. In addition, HPL scores were significantly higher in the older age group (p<0.05). However, there was no difference in terms of other socio-demographic characteristics (p>0.05). Besides, there was a positive and low level significant correlation between the workers’ HPL scale scores and only four subscales of SF 36 (p<0.05).
Conclusion: According to the result of this study, the workers’ health-related quality of life was found to be below the Turkish community standards, with the workers’ healthy lifestyle behavior having been moderate. In addition, some sociodemographic characteristics had a negligible effect on the quality of life, and healthy lifestyle behaviors positively increased employees’ quality of life.
 


Effectiveness of Emotion-Focused Couple Therapy on Improving Optimism and Communication Patterns of Couples Working at State Offices of the Ramhormoz County, Iran
Alireza Momeni, Khosro Ramezani, Alireza Mardpour,
Volume 9, Issue 4 (10-2020)
Abstract

Background: Careers and the family are considered the most important aspects of adult life, which affect a couple's mental health. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of emotion-focused couple therapy on improving optimism and communication patterns among couples working at state offices of the Ramhormoz County.
Materials and Methods: The research method was experimental with a pretest-posttest design and a control group. The statistical population included 160 couples working at state offices of the Ramhormoz County (Iran) in 2019. Using the convenience sampling method, 50 participants were selected and randomly divided into experimental and control groups (n = 25 per group). The research instruments included the Communication Patterns Questionnaire (CPQ) and the Life Orientation Test (LOT). The experimental group received emotion-focused couple therapy for 10 sessions of 90 minutes each. However, the control group received no intervention. Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was performed in SPSS software V21.0 to analyze the data.
Results: The mean ± SD of the posttest scores for optimism and communication patterns were (19.48 ± 3.47) and (17.67 ± 2.79) in the experimental group, as well as (18.63 ± 3.86) and (27.40 ± 4.26) in the control group, respectively. Research findings indicated that emotion-focused couple therapy was effective in improving optimism and communication patterns in couples working at state offices (P = 0.001).
Conclusion: Emotion-focused couple therapy was effective in reducing depression symptoms and marital conflicts among couples as well as improving their communication patterns and optimism.


Noise Exposure, Auditory Ailments, and Non-auditory Effects that Influence the Workability of all Teachers: A Scoping Review
Francis Osei, Alhassan Sulemana, Esther Effah, Benedicta Hlordzie,
Volume 13, Issue 2 (6-2024)
Abstract
Background: Noise exposure has impacts on health and workability. There are not enough scoping reviews on how noise exposure affects the health and workability of primary and high school teachers. Therefore, this study provides a scoping review of such a topic.
Materials and Methods: A search of Google Scholar, JSTOR, Elsevier, PubMed, and reference lists of literature published between 2000 and 2022 was done to find empirical data in the literature on teachers' exposure to noise and its consequences on their hearing and workability. The PRISMA-ScR protocol was applied.
Results: All 20 studies reviewed, used a cross-sectional design. 50% of the studies used a calibrated sound level meter to implement the direct noise level evaluation method, while 75.0% used questionnaires. The main school-related noise source was students’ activities (n = 12, 60.0%), and the main non-school-related noise source was vehicles (n = 6, 30%). These led to temporary hearing loss (n = 6, 30.0%). The non-auditory effects, such as shouting and disturbance (n = 8, 40% each) and annoyance (n = 7, 35% each), influenced the workability (performance) of the teachers as well as their interactions in the classroom. The noise levels that produced the effects were 50.0 to 92.1 dBA on primary school teachers and 68.9 to 95.2 dBA on high school teachers.
Conclusions: Noise leads to hearing loss and poor workability of teachers. Regular school noise monitoring and surveillance to identify noisy areas and apply interventions is to be done.

Prevalence of Hypertension and Perceived Stress among University Employees in Solapur, India (2022)
Abhijeet Jagtap, Uma Mahajan, Abhay Kudale,
Volume 13, Issue 3 (9-2024)
Abstract
Background: Stress is an important psychosocial factor responsible for the hypertension. Globally, university employees reported a high prevalence of hypertension, and perceived stress; however, in Indian context, as few studies documented this association, we conducted a study documenting the prevalence of hypertension and perceived stress among employees of Solapur University.
Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted during June – September 2022 to screen 231 university employees for hypertension following International Society of Hypertension guidelines. Perceived psychological stress was assessed with Cohen’s Perceived Stress Scale. Chi-square test and both univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to evaluate the hypotheses. The significance level for the p-value was set at ≤0.05, and statistical analysis was conducted using Stata 12.1. 
Results: The overall prevalence of hypertension was 39%. More than half of employees (54%) were under moderate to high levels of stress, and they were more likely to be hypertensive than those under low stress. Staff with more than 30 years and in non-teaching posts were about two times more at higher risk of hypertension, and male staff, and those having moderate to high-stress levels were 2.5 times more likely associated with the risk of hypertension as compared to others.
Conclusions: University employees are under high levels of stress which are prone to developing hypertension. There is a need to screen more and more Indian university employees for the presence of hypertension and stress to design appropriate hypertension prevention programmes.

Post-Pandemic Influences on Occupational Well-Being: Insights from a Higher Education Institution in Oman
Miriam Simon, Aliza Batool, Fernandes Trinette,
Volume 13, Issue 4 (12-2024)
Abstract
Background: Globally, COVID-19 posed multifaceted challenges to the educational system, and employees were driven into completely unfamiliar territory. Assessing any residual impact that may influence employee well-being and productivity is vital. The objectives of the present study were to assess the impact of COVID-19 on the well-being of faculty and staff at the National University of Science and Technology, Oman & explore post-pandemic occupational well-being.
Materials and Methods: 136 employees consented to participate in this study. The study design was cross-sectional, and convenient sampling was employed. The survey method involves item pooling from standardized scales, including the WHO Five Well-being Index, COVID-19 Stress Scale, Connor Davidson Resilience Scale and the WHO Quality of Life Questionnaire. Statistical methods, including correlation and regression analysis, were used.
Results: Results indicate that employees (67.7%) experienced stress and anxiety during the pandemic. The support provided by the administration (64.9%) and access to vaccination services (48.6%) primarily contributed to the well-being of staff members. Participant responses also indicated that overall well-being and resilience capacity were adequate following the pandemic. However, 23.4% of employees reported that they currently experienced negative feelings.
Conclusions: These findings reiterate that organizational interventions to reduce stress levels and enhance resilience and well-being are paramount.

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