Journal of Occupational

  Background: Noticeable amounts of pesticides are used in developing countries each year. However excessive application of these chemicals in the past few decades has breaded serious problems to both animals and humans. Although most studies have targeted acute poisoning, in the present study chronic poisoning as a new and important health problem has been studied due to application and storage of pesticides at homes.

Materials and Methods:  This descriptive study was designed in Kashan, located in the dry central region of Iran in 2012. The data were collected by interviewing 500 home owners and filling questionnaires. The data were analyzed using abundance tables and SPSS software and statistic tests χ2 and fisher exact.

  Results: The results showed high availability and application of pesticides (97.2%). Citizens reported using pesticides once every six months. There was a positive relationship between the application of pesticides and the observed disorders (p<0.0001).

  Conclusion: Pesticides are available for most people in an uncontrolled way, which may be the cause of many health problems

Background: In recent decades, ‎due to the increase in users of roads and inadequate attention to the creation and development of appropriate passageways for traffic, there has been a growing trend in traffic accidents and casualties caused by them. The traffic accidents among pedestrians to take necessary measures in a timely fashion should be well studied. This study was conducted with the goal of survey traffic accidents among pedestrians in 2014.

Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the National Accidents Record Program ‎regarding 2013. In this study, all traffic accidents in which the injured person was referred to a public or private ‎hospital in the country to receive health services or was transferred to the hospital by EMS 115 and ‎received remedial measures on an outpatient or inpatient basis in all provinces were considered‎. The incidence of pedestrian-vehicle accidents‎ was calculated per ten thousand. Map GIS software package was used for the mapping of occurrence of events and Microsoft EXCEL and Stata software were used for data analysis.

Results: In this study, the 82066 pedestrians who were injured in road accidents consisted of a total of 53240 men and 28826 women. The rate of traffic accidents was higher in men than in women (64.87% and 35.13%, respectively) and the majority of individuals affected were in the age group of 20 to 24 years. Most pedestrian-vehicle ‎accidents had occurred on the street (89.8%).

Conclusion: Pedestrians are at risk of the irreversible outcomes of traffic accidents; therefore, effective and regular training on the prevention of injury and secure environment is essential to reduce injuries.

Background: Children are the most sensitive and vulnerable group in terms of tooth decay. Any change or improvement in health-related knowledge and behavior in this group can have long-term and significant impacts on the health of the future generation. Thus, the present study was conducted with the aim to determine the relationship of knowledge of oral health-related issues with the decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index in 12-year-old students of Rafsanjan, Iran, in 2016.

Materials and Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was performed on 460 students (230 boys and 230 girls) of 12 years of age from 10 elementary schools in Rafsanjan. The subjects were randomly selected. Data were collected through clinical examination, interviews, and a questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of two parts; the first part contained a demographic characteristics form, and the second part contained the DMFT index and questions on knowledge of oral health-related issues. Data were analyzed using independent t-test, ANOVA, chi-square, and the Pearson correlation coefficient (α = 0.05).

Results: Mean DMFT index and knowledge score of the students were 2.66 ± 1.40 and 5.43 ± 1.82, respectively. Students with higher knowledge had lower DMFT index. Moreover, mean knowledge score of students with homemaker mothers was significantly higher compared to students with working mothers.

Conclusion: The results of this study suggested a positive significant relationship between knowledge of oral health-related issues and DMFT index in 12-year-old students of Rafsanjan.