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Impact of job stress on the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among computer users of hospitals in Gorgan, Iran, in 2014
E Taban, S Shokri, Mr M Yazdani Aval, M Rostami Aghdam Shendi, Ho Kalteh, F Keshizadeh,
Volume 4, Issue 3 (7-2015)
Abstract

Background: Occupational stress has physical and psychological consequences, and is a major cause of job dissatisfaction among employees, which can reduce the quality of services provided. This study was conducted to examine the relationship between job stress and the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among computer users in hospitals (private & governmental) of Gorgan, Iran, in 2014.

Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study. The study participants consisted of 94 hospital computer users. Data were collected using the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) and Osipow’s Occupational Stress Inventory. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software.

Results: The mean score of the subjects studied was 159±77.24. The results revealed that 6.38% of the staff had mild stress, 68.9% mild to moderate stress, 24.47% had moderate to high stress, and none of the employees had high occupational stress. There was no significant relationship between job stress and MSDs of the neck, shoulders, back, elbows, and hands and wrists, but the relationship between stress and MSDs of the waist was significant (P=0.03).

Conclusions: The prevalence of MSDs in the studied hospital computer users was high and stress in the workplace can have an important role in the pathogenesis of this disorder.


Vaccination Coverage for COVID-19 in Sri Lanka: With and Without Age Stratification on Susceptible-Infectious-Recovered Simulation
A.m.c.h. Attanayake,
Volume 11, Issue 2 (4-2022)
Abstract
Background: Vaccination against COVID-19 is as a key solution to interrupt its spread. This study aimed to describe the vaccination coverage required to stop the spread of COVID-19 in Sri Lanka using a mathematical modeling strategy.
Materials & Methods: This longitudinal study used age-stratified and unstratified Susceptible-Infectious-Recovered (SIR) models. Data on the population's age distribution were acquired from the census report of the Census and Statistics Center of Sri Lanka, consisting of groups: below 30, between 30-59, and over 60. Models with differential equations forecasted the spread of COVID-19 with vaccination based on parameter estimates and numerical simulation, assuming fixed population, infection, and recovery rates.
Results: Simulations investigated how the susceptible, infected, and recovered populations varied according to the different vaccination coverages. According to the results, 75% vaccination coverage was required in the entire population of Sri Lanka to interrupt the transmission of COVID-19 completely. The age-stratified SIR model showed that over 90% of vaccination coverage in each age group (below 30, between 30-59, and over 60) was required to interrupt the transmission of COVID-19 in the country altogether.
Conclusions: The number of COVID-19 infections in each age group of Sri Lanka reduces with the increase in vaccination coverage. As 75% vaccination coverage is required in Sri Lanka to interrupt the transmission of the disease, precise vaccination coverage measurement is essential to assess the successfulness of a vaccine campaign and control COVID-19.
 

The Effect of Self-management Exercises on Neck Pain and Head and Neck Angles among Iranian University Employees: An Interventional Study
Sara Tabanfar, Ali Safari Variani, Seyvan Sobhani, Sakineh Varmazyar,
Volume 11, Issue 2 (4-2022)
Abstract
Background: Long-term computer use as an ergonomics risk factor can generate musculoskeletal disorders, especially in the neck. This study aimed to investigate the effect of a self-management exercises intervention on both neck pain, and head and neck angles among university employees in 2021.
Materials & Methods: This experimental study was performed on 85 university staff (experimental group (N=42) and control group (N=43)) who were randomly selected based on inclusion criteria from the list of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences (Iran) employees. The experimental group did the exercises for 12 weeks with five 15-minute sessions per week. The severity of neck pain was determined using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Head and neck angles were measured at baseline and after 12 weeks using photogrammetry and Kinovea software in two postures (reading and typing).
Results: About 60% of the participants in the experimental group reported moderate and severe neck pain, decreasing to 26.2% after the intervention. The score of neck pain intensity in the experimental group decreased in the range of 1.15-1.75. The head and gaze tilt angles and head forward position after the intervention in the experimental group showed a significant decrease. Also, the head tilt angle was significantly increased after the intervention.
Conclusions: The results showed that exercises could be beneficial in improving the posture of the head and neck, which caused reducing the severity of neck pain among computer users.
 

Effects of Ergonomics Training and Corrective Exercises on Musculoskeletal Disorders among Office Computer Users at Qazvin Province Gas Company
Seyedeh Farimah Navidi, Maryam Keramat Kar, Mohammad Ghaem Jahan, Sakineh Varmazyar,
Volume 11, Issue 3 (7-2022)
Abstract
Background: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders are major causes of absenteeism, increased costs, and human injuries among computer users. This study aimed to examine the effects of ergonomics training and corrective exercises on musculoskeletal disorders among a gas company computer users.
Material and Methods: This experimental study was conducted on 19 office computer users who participated in training programs, including correct sitting postures, workplace layouts, and corrective exercises. For this purpose, training programs and corrective exercises were employed in four one-hour sessions in one week and 16 one-hour sessions in eight weeks.
Results: Musculoskeletal disorder prevalence, postures, and workplace layouts were assessed using the Nordic Questionnaire and a researcher-made checklist. Accordingly, the highest prevalence was observed in the lower back (63.2%), neck (52.6%), and knees (42.1%). Differences in the rates of proper postures and workplace layouts were statistically significant before and after the ergonomic training so that 81.25% of postures and 47.8% of workplace layouts were improved. The results showed that training programs on ergonomics principles and corrective movements reduced musculoskeletal disorders among office computer users within the range of 10.5 to 52.6%.
Conclusions: Increasing employee awareness of appropriate postures, workplace layouts, and corrective movements effectively reduced musculoskeletal disorders in computer users.

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