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Lower immunity to tetanus in cigarette smoker subjects
A Jafarzadeh, Z Shabani, M Hassanabadi , Mt Rezayati , M Nemati, Ar Sayadi , A Sheikhi , R Vazirinejad,
Volume 1, Issue 3 (10-2012)
Abstract

  Background: Cigarette smoking has been linked with the suppression of immune responses and increased susceptibility to numerous infections in humans. Tetanus is also a major public health problem in many countries. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the serum levels of anti-tetanus toxin antibodies in c igarette smoking and healthy non-smoking people .

  Materials and Methods: A total of 100 c igarette smokers and 100 age-matched healthy non-smoker individuals were enrolled in this descriptive study. A blood sample was collected from each participant. The samples were tested for the levels of anti-tetanus toxin antibodies b y use of enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.

  Results: The seroprotective rate of anti-tetanus toxin antibodies in non-smoking group (99%) was significantly higher than that observed in c igarette smoking group (78%, P<0.0001). The mean titer of anti-tetanus toxin antibodies in non-smoking group ( 5.32± 0.26 IU/ml) was also significantly higher than that in smoker subjects ( 1.03 ± 0.16 IU/ml P<0.0001). The mean titer of anti-tetanus toxin antibodies in individuals with smoking duration >10 years was significantly lower than that among smokers with smoking duration ≤10 years (0.59 ± 0.12 IU/ml vs 1.98 ± 0.41 IU/ml P<0.001). The seroprotection rate was also significantly lower in persons with smoking duration >10 years in comparison to smokers with smoking duration ≤10 years (72.1% vs 90.6% P=0.037). The mean titer of anti-tetanus toxin antibodies in individuals with daily smoking >10 cigarettes was also significantly lower in comparison to smokers with daily smoking ≤10 cigarettes (0.68 ± 0.15 IU/ml vs 1.63 ± 0.36 IU/ml P<0.001).

  Conclusion: These results showed lower levels of anti-tetanus toxin antibodies in cigarette smokers which represents c igarette smoking as a risk factor for susceptibility to tetanus. A negative association was also observed between the immunity to tetanus and smoking burden.


Predicting the rate of cigarette smoking based on resilience and cognitive emotion regulation in the non-clinical population of Shiraz, Iran, 2016
Nahid Karimi, Ghasem Naziry,
Volume 7, Issue 4 (10-2018)
Abstract
Background: Cigarette smoking is considered a public health problem. Much research has been conducted on smoking and respective factors, but little research has addressed the prediction of the smoking rate based on various psychological variables. The present study was conducted aimed at predicting the smoking rate in the non-clinical population of Shiraz, Iran, in 2016, based on resilience and cognitive emotion regulation.
Materials and methods: In the present descriptive study, 250 female and male smokers of the non-clinical population of Shiraz, Iran, in 2016, were selected through random sampling. The research instruments included a demographic scale and smoking patterns, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), and the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Scale. The obtained data were analyzed by the Pearson correlation and linear regression, using SPSS (Version 20(.
Results: The results showed a negative correlation between the subscales of resilience and cognitive emotion regulation, age, and education with the cigarette smoking rate (P<0.01). In addition, the values of R and R2 were 0.39 and 0.15, respectively. The daily smoking rates can be predictable with resiliency, cognitive-emotional regulation sub-scales, age, and education variables (0/015).
Conclusion: Some psychological variables, such as resilience and cognitive emotion regulation probably affect the tendency to cigarette smoking, so considering these variables could be efficient in the interventions for preventing and stopping cigarette smoking.
 

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