Journal of Occupational
Health and Epidemiology
Rafsanjan university Of medical sciences
Volume 15, Issue 1 (Winter 2026)
J Occup Health Epidemiol 2026, 15(1): 40-47 |
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Ethics code: IR.RUMS.REC.1403.157
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Hafezi Bakhtiari M, Ahmadinia H, Rezaeian M, Ghaseminasab-Parizi M, Nasirzadeh M. Evaluation of Fecal Immunochemical Test (FIT) Screening and Its Determinants: A Descriptive Study Based on the Extended Parallel Process Model, 2025. J Occup Health Epidemiol 2026; 15 (1) :40-47
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Mona Hafezi Bakhtiari1 
, Hassan Ahmadinia2 , Mohsen Rezaeian3 , Maryam Ghaseminasab-Parizi4 , Mostafa Nasirzadeh *5
, Hassan Ahmadinia2 , Mohsen Rezaeian3 , Maryam Ghaseminasab-Parizi4 , Mostafa Nasirzadeh *5
1- M.Sc. Student in Health Education and Health Promotion, Student Research Committee, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
2- Assistant Prof., School of Health, Occupational Environment Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
3- Professor, Dept. of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health, Occupational Environment Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
4- Assistant Prof., Dept. of Health Education and Promotion, School of Health, Occupational Environment Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
5- Associate Prof., Dept. of Health Education and Promotion, School of Health, Occupational Safety and Health Research Center, NICICO, World Safety Organization and Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran. ,mnasirzadeh13@rums.ac.ir
2- Assistant Prof., School of Health, Occupational Environment Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
3- Professor, Dept. of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health, Occupational Environment Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
4- Assistant Prof., Dept. of Health Education and Promotion, School of Health, Occupational Environment Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
5- Associate Prof., Dept. of Health Education and Promotion, School of Health, Occupational Safety and Health Research Center, NICICO, World Safety Organization and Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran. ,
Article history
Received: 2025/05/17
Accepted: 2025/08/26
ePublished: 2026/03/30
Accepted: 2025/08/26
ePublished: 2026/03/30
Subject:
Epidemiology
Abstract: (10 Views)
Background: Fecal immunochemical test (FIT) as the primary diagnostic method, and colorectal cancer screening (CCS) as the most important measure for early detection and prevention of colorectal cancer (CRC), are influenced by multiple determinants. The present study aimed to ascertain FIT screening behavior among teachers along with its determinants using an extended parallel process model (EPPM).
Materials and Methods: The cross-sectional study was undertaken among 202 teachers over 45 years of age in Rafsanjan city (southeast of Iran) using simple random sampling method. The study tool was a questionnaire based on the structures of the EPPM which were collected virtually. The data were analyzed using SPSS-25 software and by the statistical tests of Chi-square, independent t-test, univariate and multiple logistic regression at a significance level of 0.05.
Results: In this study, 7.5% of teachers had undergone FIT over the past three years and 92.5% had not undergone screening. In the final model of logistic regression analysis, a bachelor's degree (Adjusted OR: 0.09, 95% CI: 0.02–0.46, P=0.003) and a master's degree (Adjusted OR: 0.09, 95% CI: 0.02–0.37, P=0.001) were associated with a significant decline in the odds of screening compared to an associate degree. Further, self-efficacy was significantly linked to an increase in the odds of screening (Adjusted OR: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.00–1.10, P=0.042).
Conclusion: The findings suggest the need to further investigate related determinants, including beliefs, attitudes, and perceived barriers. In addition, theory-based health promotion interventions grounded in models such as the Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM), self-efficacy theory, and the Health Belief Model (HBM) should be developed, implemented, and rigorously evaluated.
Materials and Methods: The cross-sectional study was undertaken among 202 teachers over 45 years of age in Rafsanjan city (southeast of Iran) using simple random sampling method. The study tool was a questionnaire based on the structures of the EPPM which were collected virtually. The data were analyzed using SPSS-25 software and by the statistical tests of Chi-square, independent t-test, univariate and multiple logistic regression at a significance level of 0.05.
Results: In this study, 7.5% of teachers had undergone FIT over the past three years and 92.5% had not undergone screening. In the final model of logistic regression analysis, a bachelor's degree (Adjusted OR: 0.09, 95% CI: 0.02–0.46, P=0.003) and a master's degree (Adjusted OR: 0.09, 95% CI: 0.02–0.37, P=0.001) were associated with a significant decline in the odds of screening compared to an associate degree. Further, self-efficacy was significantly linked to an increase in the odds of screening (Adjusted OR: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.00–1.10, P=0.042).
Conclusion: The findings suggest the need to further investigate related determinants, including beliefs, attitudes, and perceived barriers. In addition, theory-based health promotion interventions grounded in models such as the Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM), self-efficacy theory, and the Health Belief Model (HBM) should be developed, implemented, and rigorously evaluated.
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