Journal of Occupational
Health and Epidemiology
Rafsanjan university Of medical sciences
Mohammad Mehdi Azizi1 
, Amir Maghsoudloonejad *2 , Najmeh Shahini3 , Abdolhalim Rajabi4 , Leila Kashani*5
, Amir Maghsoudloonejad *2 , Najmeh Shahini3 , Abdolhalim Rajabi4 , Leila Kashani*5
1- General Practitionare, Golestan Research Center of Psychiatry (GRCP), Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
2- Assistant Prof., Golestan Research Center of Psychiatry(GRCP), Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran. ,amir.maghsoudloo.23@gmail.com
3- Specialy Doctor in Psychiatry, Erdington & Kingstanding CMHT, Birmingham and Solihull Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Hon. Research Fellow, Leicestershire Partnership NHS Trust, United Kingdom. & Assistant Prof., Golestan Research Development of Psychiatry (GRDU), Agh Ghala Hospital, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
4- Assistant Prof., Dept. of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
5- Assistant Prof., Golestan Research Center of Psychiatry (GRCP), Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
2- Assistant Prof., Golestan Research Center of Psychiatry(GRCP), Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran. ,
3- Specialy Doctor in Psychiatry, Erdington & Kingstanding CMHT, Birmingham and Solihull Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Hon. Research Fellow, Leicestershire Partnership NHS Trust, United Kingdom. & Assistant Prof., Golestan Research Development of Psychiatry (GRDU), Agh Ghala Hospital, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
4- Assistant Prof., Dept. of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
5- Assistant Prof., Golestan Research Center of Psychiatry (GRCP), Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
Article history
Received: 2025/01/8
Accepted: 2025/03/25
Accepted: 2025/03/25
Subject:
Occupational Health
Abstract: (53 Views)
Background: The role of cell phones becomes more prominent every day; however, excessive use leads to high dependency. Nomophobia is a type of phobia in which the patient experiences severe anxiety and worry while away from a mobile phone. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Nomophobia in nurses of Educational-Medical Hospitals in Gorgan City in 2022.
Materials and Methods: In a cross-sectional, 412 nurses of educational and medical hospitals in Gorgan city, Iran, 2022 were enrolled. A demographic information checklist and a Nomophobia questionnaire were used to collect data. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software version 18, U-Mann-Whitney, and Kruskal-Wallis tests. P-value values less than 0.05 were considered significant
Results: Most nurses were moderate Nomophobia (55.1%). There was a significant relationship between Nomophobia and age, marital status, number of active social messaging software, duration of mobile phone use, and the number of phone checks per day. Such findings were also observed for subscales, including lack of access to information, loss of comfort and convenience, inability to communicate, and loss of connection with some considered features.
Conclusion: The present study showed moderate levels of Nomophobia and cell phone dependence in nurses of Gorgan Educational-Medical Hospitals in Gorgan City. Young people, single people who spend more time on mobile phones, have more social messaging software, and check their cell phones more often are more likely to have Nomophobia.
Materials and Methods: In a cross-sectional, 412 nurses of educational and medical hospitals in Gorgan city, Iran, 2022 were enrolled. A demographic information checklist and a Nomophobia questionnaire were used to collect data. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software version 18, U-Mann-Whitney, and Kruskal-Wallis tests. P-value values less than 0.05 were considered significant
Results: Most nurses were moderate Nomophobia (55.1%). There was a significant relationship between Nomophobia and age, marital status, number of active social messaging software, duration of mobile phone use, and the number of phone checks per day. Such findings were also observed for subscales, including lack of access to information, loss of comfort and convenience, inability to communicate, and loss of connection with some considered features.
Conclusion: The present study showed moderate levels of Nomophobia and cell phone dependence in nurses of Gorgan Educational-Medical Hospitals in Gorgan City. Young people, single people who spend more time on mobile phones, have more social messaging software, and check their cell phones more often are more likely to have Nomophobia.
References
1. Khazaee T, Saadatjoo A, Shabani M, Senobari M, Baziyan M. Prevalence on mobile phone dependency and its relationship with students' self esteem. J Knowl Health Basic Med Sci. 2014;8(4):156-62. [DOI]
2. Gonçalves S, Dias P, Correia AP. Nomophobia and lifestyle: Smartphone use and its relationship to psychopathologies. Comput Hum Behav Rep. 2020;2:100025. [DOI]
3. Catone G, Senese VP, Pisano S, Siciliano M, Russo K, Muratori P, et al. The drawbacks of Information and Communication Technologies: Interplay and psychopathological risk of nomophobia and cyber-bullying, results from the bullying and youth mental health Naples study (BYMHNS). Comput Hum Behav. 2020;113:106496. [DOI]
4. Daniyal M, Javaid SF, Hassan A, Khan MAB. The Relationship between Cellphone Usage on the Physical and Mental Wellbeing of University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;30;19(15):9352. [DOI] [PMID] [PMCID]
5. Askari S, Delavar A, Farhangi AA. The relationship between mobile consumption pattern and "No Mobile Phobia" among mobile users in Tehran. J Innov Creat Hum Sci. 2017;6(4):197-224. [URL]
6. Bragazzi NL, Del Puente G. A proposal for including nomophobia in the new DSM-V. Psychol Res Behav Manag. 2014;7:155-60. [DOI] [PMID] [PMCID]
7. Betoncu O, Ozdamli F. The disease of 21st century: Digital disease. Technol Educ Manag J. 2019;8(2):598-603. [DOI]
8. King AL, Valença AM, Nardi AE. Nomophobia: the mobile phone in panic disorder with agoraphobia: reducing phobias or worsening of dependence? Cogn Behav Neurol. 2010;23(1):52-4. [DOI] [PMID]
9. Tran D. Classifying nomophobia as smart-phone addiction disorder. UC Merced Undergrad Res J. 2016;9(1). [DOI]
10. Yildirim C, Correia AP. Exploring the dimensions of nomophobia: Development and validation of a self-reported questionnaire. Comput Hum Behav. 2015;49:130-7. [DOI]
11. Bekaroğlu E, Yılmaz T. Nomophobia: Differential diagnosis and treatment. Curr Approaches Psychiatry. 2020;12(1):131-42. [DOI:10.18863/pgy.528897]
12. Vitale E, Mea R, Benedetto A, Capizzello D, Zacchino S, Zaminga M, et al. Anxiety, Depression, Body Mass Index, Physical Activity in Nomophobic Italian Nurses: A Chronic Latent Inflammation? Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets. 2023;23(11):1421-9. [DOI] [PMID]
13. Hoşgör H, Coşkun F, Çalişkan F, Gündüz Hoşgör D. Relationship between nomophobia, fear of missing out, and perceived work overload in nurses in Turkey. Perspect Psychiatr Care. 2021;57(3):1026-33. [DOI] [PMID]
14. Aslani M, Sadeghi N, Janatolmakan M, Rezaeian S, Khatony A. Nomophobia among nursing students: prevalence and associated factors. Sci Rep. 2025:15(1):173. [DOI] [PMID] [PMCID]
15. Uguz G, Bacaksiz FE. Relationships between personality traits and nomophobia: Research on nurses working in public hospitals. Perspect Psychiatr Care. 2022;58(2):673-81. [DOI] [PMID]
16. El-Ashry AM, El-Sayed MM, Elhay ESA, Taha SM, Atta MHR, Hammad HA, et al. Hooked on technology: examining the co-occurrence of nomophobia and impulsive sensation seeking among nursing students. BMC Nurs. 2024;23(1):18. [DOI] [PMID] [PMCID]
17. Marletta G, Trani S, Rotolo G, Di Monte MC, Sarli L, Artioli G, et al. Nomophobia in healthcare: an observational study between nurses and students. Acta Biomed. 2021;92(S2):e2021031. [DOI] [PMID] [PMCID]
18. Yeykelis L, Cummings JJ, Reeves B. Multitasking on a single device: arousal and the frequency, anticipation, and prediction of switching between media content on a computer. J Commun. 2014;64(1):167-92. [DOI]
19. Naderi F, Haghshenas F. The relationship between impulsivity, loneliness and the mobile phone usage rate in male and female students of Ahvaz Islamic Azad University. J Soc Psychol. 2009;4(12):111-21.
20. Osorio-Molina C, Martos-Cabrera MB, Membrive-Jiménez MJ, Vargas-Roman K, Suleiman-Martos N, Ortega-Campos E, et al. Smartphone addiction, risk factors and its adverse effects in nursing students: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nurse Educ Today. 2021;98:104741. [DOI] [PMID]
21. Sayah S, Ghadami A, Azadi F. Psychometric properties of the nomophobia questionnaire (NMP-Q) among Iranian students. Psychometry. 2018;6(23):7-25.
22. Elyasi F, Hakimi B, Islami-Parkoohi P. The validity and reliability of the Persian version of Nomophobia Questionnaire. Addict Health. 2018;10(4):231-41. [DOI] [PMID] [PMCID]
23. Pavithra MB, Madhukumar S, TS MM. A study on nomophobia-mobile phone dependence, among students of a medical college in Bangalore. Natl J Community Med. 2015;6(03):340-4. [Article]
24. Moreno-Guerrero AJ, Hinojo-Lucena FJ, Trujillo-Torres JM, Rodríguez-García AM. Nomophobia and the influence of time to REST among nursing students. A descriptive, correlational and predictive research. Nurse Educ Pract. 2021;52:103025. [DOI] [PMID]
25. Lupo R, Zacchino S, Caldararo C, Calabro A, Carriero MC, Santoro P, et al. The use of electronical devices and relative levels of Nomophobia within a group of Italian nurses: an Observational Study. Epidemiol Biostat Public Health. 2020;17(1). [DOI]
26. Rather MK, Rather SA. Impact of smartphones on young generation. Libr Philos Pract. 2019:4(10):35-40. [Article]
27. Madhusudan M, Sudarshan BP, Sanjay TV, Gopi A, Fernandes SD. Nomophobia and its determinants among the students of a medical college in Kerala. Int J Med Sci Public Health. 2017;6(6):1046-9. [DOI]
28. Gurbuz IB, Ozkan G. What is Your Level of Nomophobia? An Investigation of Prevalence and Level of Nomophobia Among Young People in Turkey. Community Ment Health J. 2020;56(5):814-22. [DOI] [PMID]
29. Dalbudak I, Yilmaz T, Yigit S. Nomophobia Levels and Personalities of University Students. J Educ Learn. 2020;9(2):166-77. [DOI]
30. Ferchichi MA, Aouadi K, Aouadi I, Sendi I. Nomophobia in Tunisian nursing students: prevalence, associated factors, and comorbidity with generalized anxiety disorder. J Public Health. 2023. [DOI]
31. Anggoro W, Handiyani H. Self-Efficacy and Nomophobia in Nurses in Indonesia. KnE Life Sci. 2022;7(2):943-53. [DOI]
32. Ozdemir B, Cakir O, Hussain I. Prevalence of Nomophobia among university students: A comparative study of Pakistani and Turkish undergraduate students. Eurasia J Math Sci Technol Educ. 2018;14(4):1519-32. [DOI]
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. |
